Manual, trailed, mounted and other spreaders of mineral and organic fertilizers
For agricultural enterprises of all sizes, it is necessary to have a quality organic fertilizer spreader. When growing vegetables and cereals, it is possible to mechanize not only the introduction of fertilizers, but also organic fertilizers: sapropel, peat, manure, chicken droppings, sawdust, feces, compost. On the agricultural machinery market, you can find a unit suitable for the price and functionality. The industry has not forgotten hardworking summer residents; smaller mechanisms with a full range of functions are produced for them.
Appointment
The soil is quickly depleted without proper attention; it is necessary to apply mineral and organic fertilizers annually to restore fertility.
All types of spreaders are highly specialized devices, the purpose of which is:
- scatter fertilizers of various shapes (granules, crystals);
- evenly distribute the applied preparation over the soil surface;
- apply in accordance with the norms established for a specific type of fertilizer (organic, mineral);
- to minimize human labor.
It is important to choose a high-quality fertilizer spreader, since only the rational introduction of chemical and natural preparations guarantees an environmentally friendly harvest, health and soil fertility.
Spreader types
Manufacturers from Poland, Belarus, China and Russia compete in the agricultural machinery sales market. Domestic products are competitively capable; the quality of Russian fertilizer spreaders is not inferior to imported units.
There are several types of modern fertilizer spreaders:
- hinged;
- trailed;
- semi-trailed;
- manual.
By design type, all units are divided into 2 groups: pendulum and disk.
Specifications
When choosing a mechanism, its characteristics are analyzed: working width, volume of the hopper (body), working speed, number of revolutions for which the power take-off shaft is designed. The device is selected based on the area of the fields to be processed.
The working width determines the performance of the machine. For small fields, the optimum performance is 12–24 m. With large working widths, it is difficult to control the seeding rate.
Hopper volume also affects productivity. The time spent refueling slows down the work. For farms, it is irrational to purchase spreaders with a bunker volume of less than 0.9 m³. The maximum volume of the hopper and, accordingly, its weight is determined by the technical characteristics of the tractor. For example, on a tractor of 14 kN class, the weight of the mounted spreader should not exceed 15,000 kg.
When processing the fields of a small farm, the tractor must provide an operating speed of 8 to 18 km / h. It allows you to successfully control the rate of sown fertilizers. The working speed of the tractor differs from the value of its transport speed.
Mounted
The ability to use in a small area is the advantage of attachments. These models belong to the category of inexpensive and versatile mechanisms. The mounted mineral fertilizer spreader consists of several structural elements:
- frames;
- bunker;
- hinged diffusion device;
- drive;
- special funnels designed for the distribution of fertilizers.
The table shows models of known attachments, their main characteristics are given.
| Model | Hopper (volume in liters or m³) | spreading width, m | Application rate, kg / ha | Manufacturer country |
| Jar-met | 200,300,500,650 | 6–14 | 50–1500 | |
| Amazone ZG B | 5500–8200 | 18–24 | 20–500, 200–800 | Germany |
| Biardzki | 0,5 | 4–12 | 100–10000 | Poland |
| RU-1000 | 1 | 12–28 | 40–1100 | Russia |
| RU-3000 | 2,8 | 12–28 | 40–1100 | Russia |
| MTT-4U | 4 | 8–24 | 100–6000 | Russia |
| IDP 1500,600, 900, 1200 | 1.5 (for MVU 1500 it is possible to build up by 0.5 m³ using special extensions). | 6–36 | 40–1000 (fertilizers), 10–200 (green manure). | Russia, plant "Agrotex" |
Trailed
The trailed spreader is attached to tractors of the 14 kN class. The device in the process of work prepares fertilizers (mixes, grinds), their transportation to the place and distribution over the arable land.
Trailed mechanisms are beneficial for large farms to ensure a continuous process and increase productivity. Several trailed spreaders can be placed around the perimeter of the cultivated field, changing them as the fertilizer runs out. The set of trailed mechanisms includes:
- bunker;
- wheels;
- conveyor;
- dispenser;
- drive unit.
Trailed mechanical models are most in demand. Seeding control is carried out by changing the speed with which the conveyor moves and adjusting the size of the metering gap.
Dispenser
The dispenser is a sectional damper with a grill mounted in the rear. It allows you to evenly spread granules and small crystals of fertilizers. By manually changing the position of the shutter, the seeding rate is changed.
Semitrailer
Semi-trailed units are a separate story; they are a simplified version of trailed mechanisms, less spacious, equipped with a manual system for spreading fertilizers. The line of RUM products of the Bashselmash plant is in demand. Semi-trailer devices RUM model 5,8,16 differ in body volumes (5 m³, 8 m³, 16 m³), payload (5 t, 11 t, 20 t), spreading width 8–20 m.
RUM 5
For tractors of the MTZ-80 brand, the domestic semitrailer RUM 5 spreader is suitable. The purpose of this model is twofold:
- spring-autumn fertilization;
- planned feeding of grain crops.
Device characteristics: hopper capacity 5 tons, operating speed 9-10 km / h, capture width 12 m; productive capacity 7 ha / h. The machine is equipped with wheels, drive mechanism, pneumatic system, fuel guides, rods (left, right), welded body.
On the body there is a bar-type conveyor, a gate for dosing fertilizers, a net for protecting against large objects and an awning. The calculation of the required dose of fertilizers and the selection of the appropriate valve position is carried out according to a special table... The boom device allows the fertilizer to be evenly distributed over the entire working width.
Manual
The manual spreader Hudigreen 2 is suitable for summer residents; fertilizers are spread in a fan-like manner. 2 kg of mineral fertilizers are poured into the bunker, this volume of granules is enough for processing 1 hundred parts. Case material plastic. The hand-held device has a comfortable handle.
Popular firms
Spreaders are supplied to the agricultural machinery market by domestic and foreign enterprises:
- Amazone.
- Biardzki.
- Rauch.
- Bobruiskagromash.
- Kuhn.
The plant for the production of agricultural machinery Amazone is located in Samara. You can choose a model for every taste. There are two semi-trailers ZG-TS and ZG-B, as well as attachments: Prefect ZA-XW and ZA-X, Profi ZA-M.
Biardzki is produced in Poland, used for spreading fertilizers and sowing any grain crop. To work, you need a tractor with a capacity of at least 25 hp. from. The spreader has a tank with a capacity of 0.5 m³, the spreading width is 4–12 m.
The German company Rauch has been supplying equipment to Russia for over 100 years. There are mounted and trailed models. The RAUCH AGT 6036 spreader requires a powerful tractor from 100 HP. from. Hopper capacity 6 m³, spread width 24 m.
Bobruiskagromash has been on the market for 40 years, produces mounted spreaders: RU-1000, RU-1600. The model of the mounted type RU-1000 has a bunker volume of 1 m³, a spreading width of 12–28 m. The RU-3000 mechanism has a bunker volume of 2.8 m³, a spreading width of 12–28 m.
The German company Kuhn has hinged-type products. The plant produces 2 models: MDS, AXIS.
| Model | Hopper volume, m³ | spreading width |
| MDIS | 0,5–0,9 | 10–24 |
| AXIS | 1–3 | 12–50 |
Conclusion
Using the spreader, you can significantly reduce the time for spring-autumn processing of arable land. Mechanized processing of the field allows fertilizing, liming, and sowing green manure.
