Project of a cowshed for 100 heads and drawings for building a farm with your own hands
The project of a barn for 100 cattle implies the distribution of internal space to provide an area for individuals. It is equally important to determine a place for utility rooms, buildings of economic importance, areas for walking, places for personnel. Before building a barn, the climatic conditions of the region and the budget should be considered.
Room requirements
The dimensions of the future building are determined by the number of individuals that are planned to be kept, taking into account the auxiliary premises. During the planning phase of the barn, the use of the area should be carefully calculated to optimize the space.
Typical design of a barn for 100 animals
Recommended area for 100 animals - 800m2, while the desired arrangement of stalls is in-line. The allowed number of rows is from 2 to 4. The barn should be rectangular. This will increase storage capacity and ease maintenance.
First you need to create a blueprint for the building. Further, step-by-step planning begins, based on sanitary and hygienic requirements.
Barn sketch
To obtain meat and milk, it is necessary to take into account a number of building requirements. The success of the enterprise depends on the conditions of detention. A large cattle farm contains:
- separate stalls for each individual;
- spacious area for walking;
- delivery room with a place for keeping newborns for the first 2-3 weeks;
- room for feed;
- storage space for equipment and equipment;
- compartment for storing dairy products.
Other requirements that must be met when building a barn include a ventilation and heating system, waste disposal and lighting, as well as a properly designed floor.
Varieties of cowshed
3D project of a livestock complex for 100 heads
If we consider the possible materials from which the barns are built, then the following are worth noting:
- wood;
- metal structures and sandwich panels;
- brick;
- concrete.
Each of these materials has advantages, disadvantages and construction features. Cowsheds made on the basis of sandwich panels and metal frame structures are considered an innovative solution for Russia. In a number of countries, for example, in the USA, Canada, it is common.
Its essence is in the construction of a steel frame on a lightweight foundation, and sheathing with sandwich panels. They are used not only for walls, but also for walls and roofs. Such a building meets the requirements and standards that are put forward for the barns, does not need interior decoration and insulation.
The structure of the sandwich panel is suitable for the construction of a livestock complex
Concrete structures also have advantages. One of them is the rapid construction of a large building. Despite the fact that reinforced concrete structures cannot be called cheap, they were previously readily used in the construction of large farms.
In a few days, you can build a building that is not afraid of fire, is not susceptible to mold and has a high degree of frost resistance. One of the disadvantages of concrete is its high thermal conductivity. Therefore, you need to take care of the ventilation system.
Brick has similar advantages. It is resistant to fire, is not susceptible to the development of fungi, it serves for a long time, but, unlike concrete, it has a low thermal conductivity. At the same time, the brick has disadvantages: high cost, long construction period. In addition, a brick building will require a solid foundation, which leads to additional costs.
For many farmers who are financially constrained, the use of timber in construction is an excellent solution. It provides excellent thermal insulation and humidity control. However, using wood to build a large farm is not the best option, since the material will have to be spliced, reinforcing the structure. This will lead to a rise in the cost of construction and a decrease in its quality.
Wood has other disadvantages, the main of which is fire hazard. Another problem should be attributed to rotting, which is susceptible to rooms with high humidity. Mold not only negatively affects the boards, but also the health of cows and calves.
DIY construction of a cowshed for 100 heads
When building a farm, it is important to think in advance about the most significant building elements. It is necessary at the planning stage to calculate the cost of each and determine the appropriate material.
Laying the foundation
Laying the strip foundation
The most profitable is the strip foundation. It is poured from concrete, sometimes adding bricks. This is a solid foundation for construction, which will allow you to build walls of wood and foam concrete. At the stage of pouring the foundation, it is necessary to provide a slope.
If the plans contain more than 20 heads, then you should not use a columnar or wooden foundation. They are less durable and susceptible to mold and rodents.
Walling
Erection of walls of a barn from foam blocks
When using a bar, you should worry about impregnation from insects and pathogenic microorganisms in advance. Often, when erecting walls, they use silicate bricks or foam blocks. However, when building large premises, they will take a long time. By using the frame and sandwich panels, the barn is finished faster.
Roof installation
Farm roof project for cattle
When constructing the roof of the barn, a gable roof is required. More often it is made from a metal profile and roofing material. This design will solve the problem with the snow crust, which will slide down on its own. In addition, you can equip an attic space from above. It is necessary for warmth and additional storage space for feed.
Floor covering
Barn floor mats
The best option is a floor filled with concrete at an angle. To avoid direct contact of animals with the cold floor, it is necessary to use bedding. They will protect animals from mastitis and other pathologies.
The angle of inclination should not exceed three centimeters. Otherwise, it will damage the skeleton of the animal.The slope is needed to drain waste into the gutter.
Installation of ventilation
Supply and exhaust ventilation scheme on the farm
It is impossible to provide natural ventilation in a large barn, therefore a forced system must be installed. For this, not only fans are installed, but also air vents. Through them, air streams will penetrate into the room (supply part of ventilation), and be eroded from it (exhaust part).
Heating
Heating and ventilation system
In the southern regions of our country, when using certain materials, heating in the barn may not be required. In other regions, gas, electricity or solid fuels are used for heating systems. It is better to supply gas, in other cases it is more economical to use fuel stoves.
