Description and characteristics of Trebizond hazelnuts, cultivation subtleties
Hazelnuts are very useful for the human body, as for the Trebizond variety. Quality nuts are not cheap, so it can be problematic to buy them. The way out of the situation is to plant hazelnuts on a site near the house. Take good care of the tree, and after a while you can feast on nuts grown with your own hands.
Description and characteristics of Trebizond hazelnut
The variety is a perennial shrub, reaching a height of 7 m. It has long flexible branches, densely covered with rounded leaf plates. The dark green crown changes color by autumn and becomes burgundy. Trebizond hazelnuts are often used as decoration in the garden.
The flowering of the variety begins in winter in December and lasts until March. The shrub has both female and male flowers. The buds and earrings have reddish stigmas. They endure the most severe frosts, while maintaining vital activity.
Walnut buds close in cold weather and open in warm weather. This is an excellent indicator of changing weather conditions. The plant is cross-pollinated; bees and other insects are not needed for reproduction. To increase the yield of hazelnuts, different varieties of nuts are planted in the garden.
The variety of hazelnuts differs from wild hazel in the size of the fruit. They are several times larger, the tasty fruit is covered with a thin shell. You can eat nuts already at the end of summer.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The virtues of culture:
- nutritious fruit with an incredible nutty flavor;
- disembarkation at the site;
- the possibility of accelerating fruiting;
- a bountiful harvest;
- manual and mechanical assembly possible.
The harvest ripens much earlier than other varieties. As for the shortcomings, Trebizond has no obvious drawbacks. Each person who has tried to grow a variety of hazelnuts determines them independently, based on their own preferences.
Features of growing crops
Agricultural technology - without this part, it is impossible to get healthy and strong shrubs that will regularly yield crops. The importance is of the place for planting, the material, as well as the scheme according to which the shrub is planted.
When and where to plant?
Climatic conditions are taken into account before the event. Hazelnuts are planted in areas with a warm climate in early autumn. The root system is firmly fixed in the chosen place until the first winter cold weather. Thanks to the climate, the shrub has plenty of time to absorb moisture.After winter, this will help the hazelnuts grow immediately.
In the northern and central regions, spring planting is recommended. In the second case, planting in the fall is also allowed.
Hazelnuts have the ability to adapt well to any soil composition. Thanks to this feature, the nut is grown not only on an industrial scale, but also in the areas of amateur gardeners. Trebizond will grow well in a place where you cannot plant cucumbers and tomatoes.
Walnut is not afraid of rocky terrain. The soil is suitable for him, which cannot be plowed and watered. This does not affect the yield in any way, the hazelnuts maintains performance at decent rates.
Preparation of planting material
After breeding hazelnuts, young seedlings are obtained, this moment plays an important role. If a young tree for planting is obtained in the wrong way, fruiting is delayed. In turn, the shrub begins to give nuts no earlier than 5 years later. The fruits are crooked and very small.
Before planting, hazelnut seedlings should undergo a little preparation. They are kept in water or wet soil for some time. The root system must be completely submerged in liquid or moist soil. No more specific procedures are performed. Even an inexperienced person who has not previously been involved in planting crops can cope with this.
Landing specifics
A stem planting is best for culture. The following schemes are suitable for the trebizond - 4 x 5, 4 x 6, 5 x 6 and 6 x 6. The classics include nesting. The selected plants are planted in a circle, adhering to the 6 x 6 scheme. In this case, the root shoots are removed, and the plants are formed into a single trunk.
Before planting, the land is fertilized. A home-made mixture will do. Phosphate-potassium fertilizers are mixed with manure in a 2: 1 ratio. Additionally, 5 kg of manure is poured into each hole.
After the end of planting, hazelnut seedlings are pruned.
All shoots must be of the same height. It should be no more than 20 cm from the ground.
Hazelnut care
If the planting of seedlings was successful, this does not mean that you can forget about the further existence of the nut. For successful growth, hazelnuts need to be cared for until the seedlings get stronger. We are talking about the standard scheme - watering, fertilizing, mulching. Also don't forget about pruning.
Watering system and periods
The ideal option is to plant a nut near water bodies. This option solves the problem with watering. If it is not possible to plant hazelnut seedlings next to the pond, drip irrigation from the barrel is constructed.
If the tree receives insufficient moisture, the nuts will be small. Watering of young seedlings is carried out in the first 3 years after planting. One young tree takes at least 3 buckets of water. The calculation is as follows - 300 liters of water are used per hundred square meters.
At the time of ripening of hazelnuts, watering increases. The soil moisture saturation schedule is developed on the basis of precipitation in a certain area.
The irrigation system is divided into 5 parts and is designed for a year:
- The first watering of trees is carried out at the end of May.
- Soil saturation with moisture is repeated at the beginning of summer. As a rule, vegetative growth of the nut and its flowering are noted during this period.
- The beginning of the third period falls in the middle of summer. At this time, a fruit ovary is formed on the hazelnut.
- The fifth and final period takes place in mid-autumn. The plant needs to stock up on moisture, and thus prepare for the winter period.
In the fourth year after planting hazelnuts, soil saturation with moisture increases. Shrubs need moisture even more if various herbal plants grow in their neighborhood. When flowers or bushes grow between tree trunks, watering is doubled.
Fertilizer
Mineral fertilizer is poured into the hole prepared for the seedlings. It is based on potassium salt, superphosphate and humus. The next stage of fertilization occurs during the formation of the fruit. At the beginning of summer, hazelnuts are fed with urea.
A substance with a concentration of 0.5% is taken. A nutrient solution is prepared on its basis. Fertilizer is also prepared from compost. It is considered one of the best fertilizers, as it is best absorbed by the roots.
Mulching
The procedure has a lot of advantages, so it must be performed. Mulching the trunks will help retain moisture. The layer laid on the surface of the soil prevents the growth of weeds. Air masses easily penetrate the hazelnut root system, in turn, air exchange prevents decay.
Pruning plants
Extra branches are removed after flowering is complete. The main stems are shortened by half during the first 6 years. In this case, the height of the tree should be within 2.5 m. Cutting of lateral shoots is carried out up to 4 buds.
If Trebizond has reached the age of 6 years, there should be no more than 10-15 shoots on it. Their height is 2.3 m. Each of them should be covered with flowers and have fruit ovaries.
In seven-year-old hazelnuts, the side branches break in half, making sure that 6-8 leaves remain from the base. The pruning method is called a cutter. Thanks to the pruning carried out using this method, more light and air enters the crown. In turn, this has a beneficial effect on the maturation of fruit buds.
Diseases and pests of culture
Insects that often annoy hazelnuts are the false shield, barbel, nut weevil, may beetle, tick and aphid. To combat them, insecticides and pesticides are used. Treatment with solutions is carried out in the spring.
Improper care of seedlings leads to the appearance of diseases such as powdery mildew and brown spot. Hazelnuts respond well to treatment with drugs that contain copper. It can be bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride. Powdery mildew is killed by contact with sulfur-based solutions.
Breeding methods
The classic way to get new seedlings is to plant branches - layering.
The process is not considered difficult and proceeds as follows:
- Horizontal grooves of small depth are dug in the soil. Branches are put in them and pinned. For this, last year's shoots are suitable. The old ones do not take root so quickly and are characterized by slow development.
- From above everything is covered with humus
- The grooves are watered, and oblique cuts are made at the attachment points. The latter accelerates the growth of the kidneys.
- The tops of the branches are tied up and the growing point is pinched.
The procedure is performed in early spring or autumn.
Collection and storage of hazelnuts
Nuts begin to be plucked from the branches at the end of August. The readiness of the crop for harvest is evidenced by dry wrappers and fruit falling off. The collected nuts are dried and prepared for further storage.
If the hazelnuts are planned to be stored for no more than a year, the fruits are kept indoors at a temperature of + 4- + 13 degrees. Storage is possible for 3 years, while the temperature should not go beyond 0- + 3 degrees. The yield from one bush reaches 15 kg.
