How to properly cut hazel in the fall and how to form the crown, diagram

Fruitfulness of garden trees depends on their care. It includes the formation of the crown by pruning. You need to know when and how to cut the hazel correctly, in autumn or spring, in order to harvest the fruits from it regularly and in a timely manner. Begin the procedure by determining the purpose of the operation. Indeed, in addition to the desire to make the tree well-groomed, you can increase the harvest of nuts by pruning, and increase the life expectancy of the tree.

When to prune

The regularity of pruning and crown formation in the care of hazel and hazelnuts plays an important role. But here you need to decide on the timing of the procedure. The operation is carried out immediately after planting the hazel. Therefore, the first operation is prescribed for this period of time. If spring is chosen for planting, then they begin to shorten the shoot after planting in the fall.

But the best time to plant hazel is autumn. A seedling is planted 3-4 weeks before the first frost. Then the first pruning of a young seedling is carried out in early spring. In subsequent years, the bush is formed, rejuvenated after it has dropped the foliage.

It is necessary to study the scheme for each type of pruning so that it will benefit the plant, not harm.

Post-plant pruning

A well-rooted hazel seedling awakens earlier than other crops. In the first year of life, the following are subject to removal:

• basal offspring;
• side shoots;
• branches on which the buds are located inside the crown.

If you do not prune after planting, the hazelnut will grow more slowly and bear fruit later. An operation to remove shoots is needed in order to balance the aboveground part of the hazel and the root system. After pruning the strength, the plant directs it to the growth and development of roots, and their strengthening. The smaller the root system, the more you need to trim the hazel. The overgrown roots enhance the nutrition of the tree, increasing the crop yield.

After the procedure, a young seedling must be processed. Slices - potassium permanganate solution, garden pitch.

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Pruning in the first 4-6 years

In the 4-5th year of life, the nut begins to bear fruit. By this time, it is necessary to complete the formation of the crown of hazel, hazelnuts. Choose the standard type of tree formation for the hazel. It is easier to care for such a tree. The compactness of the crown allows you to arrange several plants in a small area. The peculiarity of pruning will be that the branches will receive enough light and air.

Begin to prune the hazel after the foliage has fallen. The conductors must be shortened by 50%. This is how a spherical shape is obtained, keeping the height of the tree at 3 meters. Shoots growing on the side must be shortened, leaving 3 buds.

During fruiting, summer is used to remove powerful lateral shoots. They are simply broken, and when they dry, they are removed.After such work, the kidneys will ripen faster.

A hazelnut is left in the form of a bush if it is grown for a hedge or other decoration of the site. Leaving up to 12 shoots on hazel, they form a lush-looking shrub. But the fruit on it will be less, and their taste will be different from ordinary nuts.

Annual formative pruning

The scheme of the forming pruning is different depending on what kind of crown they want to see in hazel, hazelnuts:

1. Shrubs are obtained in a boat if the branches that grow inside the crown are removed. At the central shoots 1/3 are left, the rest is cut out. The branches are rejected from the side, tied to stakes. You can connect by tying 2-3 trees side by side.
2. An interesting hazelnut in the form of a vase. The intertwining, inwardly growing branches should be cut off, and the main ones should be shortened by 1 bud. Powerful lateral shoots should be deflected slightly to the sides.
3. A spherical shape is most suitable for a tree. It is created by leaving the main shoots at a height of 3-4 meters, and shortening the lateral ones.
4. Bush species are thinned out, leaving a certain number of branches thickening hazel. It is enough to leave 6-8 trunks, and more - up to 12, left in warm areas. The more branches, the lower the yield.

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Before starting the operation to remove branches and shorten, prepare a sharp instrument, the blades of which are treated with disinfectant solutions. Cut off the shoots above the bud growing outward.

To increase yields of nuts, half of each lateral shoot is removed in the fall. Strong branches are taken from the shoots that appear in the spring, and the rest are cut out. The operation will be successful if it is carried out before the flowering of hazel, hazelnuts.

To lighten the crown, thinning of the shoots inside it is done every year. So the wood will be better illuminated, the air will circulate freely. And the hazelnut look with a clarified crown will be better.

Anti-aging pruning

Ordinary hazelnuts live a long time. But the old tree will not give much fruit, so you need to rejuvenate the hazel. In a bush 15-20 years old, it is necessary to remove 1-2 branches every year, replacing them with young powerful stems.

In the fall, you can remove all old shoots, leaving young shoots from which a new plant is formed. The process will go faster if every year the drying is carried out, breaking off the ends of strong shoots by 3-5 centimeters. And in the fall, the dried ends are cut off, taking 2-3 buds from a healthy branch.

They rejuvenate the crown with sanitary procedures, removing damaged, weak shoots. The hazel inside the bush does not need branches growing incorrectly, perpendicular to other stems. Don't be afraid to cut them off.

But you can't cut out everything. Those who grow hazel for the sake of fruit should leave branches with female buds, which are mainly at the ends of the branches. Better to perform the operation on weak, damaged branches.

If the care work takes place regularly, then the hazel bushes will become a true decoration of the garden. And correctly selected varieties of hazel will delight you with high yields of fruits.

The plant needs proper care after the operation. The soil around is mulched with humus to a height of 7-8 centimeters after watering. So the hazel will winter better.