Description of the best varieties and hybrids of plums for the Moscow region, planting and growing
The best plum varieties for the regions of the Moscow region differ in a number of characteristics. Hybrids are medium-sized, short-growing and tall. The climate of the Moscow region is perfect for plum trees. You can find winter-hardy and high-yield crop varieties.
The best plum varieties for the Moscow region
Before buying plum varieties for the Moscow region, it is important to study the description and characteristics of candidate hybrids. To find out which species are best to plant in this region, it is important to highlight frost-resistant hybrids. This criterion is considered the most important. You can see the varieties zoned for the area.
Medium-sized
Medium-sized plum varieties are suitable for growing in small areas or in gardens where many fruit crops are already growing. Medium-sized hybrids do not take up much space, but at the same time they give a rich harvest every year.
Yakhontova
The tree of this hybrid grows up to 4-5 m. Yakhontovaya belongs to yellow-fruited varieties, characterized by large fruits. Among the advantages of Yakhontova, frost resistance is distinguished, which is very important when grown in the Moscow region, and yield. Subject to the minimum rules of agricultural technology, up to 70 kg can be harvested from a tree.
Mara
By the age of 2-3 years, the Mara plum reaches a height of about 3 m. It is worth noting that this variety belongs to the cherry plum. The crown is spreading and thickened. Mara is able to withstand frosts down to -35 degrees. The downside of the tree is its low resistance to drought. If the heat lasts for several days, cherry plum feels comfortable. And if the drought lasts more than a week, the tree needs additional watering. The variety is fruitful, the fruits are tasty and sweet.
Korneevskaya
Plum Korneevskaya belongs to varieties with blue fruits. The fruit is conical in shape, the skin is covered with a white waxy bloom, which stands out well against the blue skin. The pulp is juicy, with a sour taste. Korneevskaya belongs to self-fertile hybrids that do not require proximity to pollinating plums. The yield is high. Even at the age of 10 years, the tree is capable of yielding up to 30 kg. Among hybrids of plum trees, this result is very good for mature plants.
Kolkhoz renklode
The fruits of the Renklode Kolkhoz hybrid are sweet, but there is a bitter taste, which many may not like. The skin tone is green-yellow. Even at the stage of technical maturity, it seems that the fruits are not yet ripe.
Stunted and columnar
Dwarf plum varieties are suitable for small summer cottages, since they do not take up much space.Another advantage of these varieties is that the trees do not need to be pruned frequently.
Columnar varieties of plum trees have recently become popular, but have already managed to fall in love with summer residents of the Moscow region.
Imperial
The tree is small, the maximum height does not exceed 2 m, the trunk is completely covered with purple-red fruits during fruiting. The fruits are of the correct oval shape, no wax bloom is observed on the skin. The pulp has a rich yellow hue, sourish in taste, but at the stage of full maturity, the sourness is not pronounced. The average fruit weight is about 60 g.
Oryol dream
The Orlovskaya Dream hybrid belongs to the Chinese varieties. Plum fruiting begins in the 3rd year after the planting of the seedling. The tree begins to bloom in early May. The inflorescences have a strong aroma. On average, the trunk height does not exceed 3 meters. The pulp is dense and fibrous in structure, with a large number of veins. It tastes sweet and sour.
Red ball
A small tree with an average crown load. The fruit has a red-orange skin, oval shape. Intense bloom is observed on the peel. The Red ball begins to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year after planting. The harvest is plentiful every year.
Vigorous varieties
The vigorous ones have one significant drawback - they are not suitable for growing in small areas. Such varieties of plum grow on average up to 5 m. In addition, due to the rapid growth of the plant, it is necessary to cut it off almost every year.
To find out which variety to plant, you need to study the most common varieties.
Egg blue
On average, the egg-blue plum variety grows up to 5 m. The crown is wide, thickened and strongly leafy. The plum got this name due to the shape of the fruit. The fruits are small, the mass is about 30 g. The pulp is juicy and sugary. The abdominal suture is weak.
Zarechnaya early
The fruits of the Zarechnaya early plum are large, but there are also small fruits. Light blue skin with a thick waxy coating. The pulp, like most plum hybrids, is juicy, sugary. It is not difficult to separate the seed from the pulp. Zarechnaya early belongs to the early varieties, and the harvest begins in July.
Early
The crown of this hybrid is wide and strongly leafy. The plant blooms before everyone else, in early May. Abundant flowering. Fruits with a pronounced abdominal seam, not large, weighing about 30 g.
Traveler
Cherry plum Traveler is characterized by a spreading branchy crown. The skin at the stage of technical maturity acquires a purple hue. Fruits are small, weighing from 19 to 28 g.
Self-fertile
The advantage of self-fertile varieties is that even under unfavorable conditions for pollination, these varieties give a good harvest. However, if you plant pollinator hybrids in the garden, the yield will increase significantly.
Hungarian Korneevskaya
The disadvantage of Hungarian Korneevskaya is that only in the 6th year after planting the seedling, fruiting becomes stable. But after 6 years, up to 50 kg of fruits are harvested from the tree. The fruits are large, the flesh is rich orange.
Blue bird
The plant is of medium size, it grows up to 2-3 m in height. The shape of the fruit is oval-elongated, the weight is about 30-45 g. The advantages of the Blue Bird are frost resistance and immunity to diseases of fruit trees.
Representatives of late ripeness
Among the late varieties of plums are:
- President - the hybrid begins to ripen in the second decade of September.
- Empress - fruits begin to ripen in mid-September. High resistance to fungal diseases and pests.
The advantage of late plum hybrids is the shelf life of the fruit after harvest.
Sweet varieties
The most delicious plum hybrids:
- Volzhskaya beauty - the taste of the fruit for dessert purposes.
- Ochakovskaya yellow - late fruiting (in the 7-9th year).
- Golden large - the fruits are not only sweet, but also large. Fruit weight is about 50 g.
- Firefly - fruiting begins 3-4 years after the seedling is planted. The fruits are large, the flesh is sugary.
Sweet plums are mostly suitable for fresh consumption.
Self-pollinated
Self-pollinated varieties have one big advantage over other types of plum - no need to plant pollinating trees nearby. Self-pollinated hybrids include:
- Black Tulskaya - this variety gives a bountiful harvest every year, even without a neighborhood with pollinators. Black Tulskaya belongs to the blue-fruited species. The fruits are oval-elongated, the skin is covered with a thick waxy bloom. The pulp is sugary, the seed is easily separated.
- Prunes - this type of plum was obtained by crossing a tornosliv and cherry plum. The skin of the fruit is blue, with a waxy coating, giving the fruit a bitter taste. The pulp is juicy, the seed is easily separated. Plum Prunes are late self-pollinated varieties. Harvested before the end of September.
- In memory of Timiryazev - this variety was obtained by crossing the Victoria and Skorospelka Krasnaya varieties. Plum in Memory of Timiryazev is considered one of the oldest and most popular species among summer residents.
Self-pollinated varieties are often planted as barren pollinators.
High yielding
Every summer resident dreams of finding the highest-yielding plum hybrid:
- Heroic - up to 70 kg of fruits are harvested from one adult tree. Fruit is large, weighing 90 g.
- Svetlana - the yield is about 60 kg. Dessert plums with sweet pulp.
You can increase the yield of any variety by applying top dressing to the soil.
Large-fruited
Large-fruited include:
- Jefferson - the fruits of this hybrid reach a mass of 60-70 g.
- Memory of Babylon - the average weight of the fruit is 80-90 g. The yield of this variety is also high.
- Mashenka - fruits reach a weight of about 85 g. The skin is red-purple, the flesh is sweet, with a sour taste.
Large-fruited varieties are universal in use and most often have high taste.
Yellow plum varieties
All varieties of yellow plums are sweeter than blue-fruited:
- Honey - fruits reach technical maturity in July-August. Fruits weighing 30-55 g.
- Yellow Afasca - the harvest begins to ripen in August-September. The tree is tall.
The varieties of cherry plum are also referred to as yellow-fruited varieties.
Early
Early ripe varieties of plum ripen in summer, around July:
- Cooperative - the yield per tree is approximately 40-45 kg. Fruits are large, the average weight reaches 55 g. Ripen in the second half of July.
- July - up to 15 kg of harvest can be harvested from a tree per season. The fruits are not too large, weighing from 30 to 40 g. July begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year after planting the variety.
Despite the fact that early species ripen in early summer, the harvested crop is not stored for a long time.
Late
Fruit ripening in late plums begins in early September. It lasts until October.
Better late-ripening plum varieties:
- Stanley - the fruits of this variety are purple. Ripening of the crop begins in early September. Stanley's strengths are frost and drought resistance. The hybrid is self-fertile; President and Empress plums are planted as pollinators.
- Hungarian Italian - has an average resistance to frost and disease. Fruits are large, mass ripening begins in September. The pulp is yellow-green in color, sugary, there is a sour taste. The fruits of the Hungarian Italiana in the refrigerator can be stored for up to 1 month.
The advantage of late varieties is that the harvested crop is stored for a long time.
New breeding species
Every year breeders create more and more new varieties of plums by crossing or improving old ones.
New breeding types of plums:
- Tatar yellow - fruits are not large, the weight is about 30-35 g. Frost resistance is average, the tree is able to survive not severe frosts.
- Morning - refers to hybrids with a medium early flowering period. The fruits ripen in mid-summer. Frost resistance is high. The fruits are not large, weighing up to 40 g.
It should be noted that new varieties of plum are not always better than old varieties.
Features of growing plums in this region
Planting and caring for a plum in the Moscow region does not differ in any nuances. Growing plum trees in open ground means timely feeding, organizing watering and taking preventive measures against diseases and pests.
Watering is carried out four times a season, as well as fertilization:
- For the first time in a year, the plum is irrigated during the period of bud formation.
- The second is during flowering.
- The third time the plants are watered during the formation of ovaries.
- The last time is before winter.
In the first half of the season, trees need nitrogen. Urea, ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate are used as top dressings. The main thing is not to combine the application of nitrogen with wood ash. This combination of dressings helps to wash out ammonia.
In the second half of the season, the soil is fertilized with potassium and phosphorus. Superphosphate, potassium salt, wood ash are used. Manure and infusions based on weeds are introduced into the soil from organic matter. As a preventive measure, spraying with copper-containing preparations is effective. The procedures are carried out in the spring, before flowering, and in the fall, after the harvest.
