Description and characteristics of the Stanley plum variety, planting, cultivation and care

A variety of large plum Stanley or - "American", used to grow in the North Caucasus, but it began to be grown in other regions of the Russian Federation, the CIS countries, the USA, and the EU. The variety is famous for its high resistance to frost, changeable weather, moderate drought. It is referred to as Hungarian plums, purple in color with dark spots. This species has abdominal stripes that distinguish it from other varieties. The taste of the pulp is sugar-dessert. Excellent prunes are made from Hungarians. To successfully raise an American woman, you need to familiarize yourself with all the nuances.

Description of the Stanley plum

An adult tree reaches up to 3 meters in height, has a massive crown. The bark is dark brown in color, and the straight and rounded pillar elegantly holds the branches. The shoots have a reddish color, and the leaves have a special pigmentation, which is often mistaken for a disease. Flowering occurs in April, after the thaw. The Stanley plum variety yields a harvest by the end of 4 years after planting. Full ripening occurs in mid or late September. The berries have a large pit, it is easily separated from the yellow pulp. According to agronomists, the latter was estimated at 4.9 points. The mass of the fruit is small, only 50 grams.

A short description of the Stanley plum:

• high resistance to frost up to -35;
• cannot stand stuffiness, severe drought, requires abundant watering in hot weather;
• needs vaccinations in winter.

With good care, one tree produces about 70 kilograms of fruit.

Pros and cons of the variety

The Stanley plum variety has a number of pros and cons. You must familiarize yourself with them before boarding.

According to the reviews of experienced gardeners, the Stenley plum variety gives delicious fruits with additional moisture and feeding. The tree is unpretentious in care, easily survives transplantation.

The nuances of growing a plant

Growing a Stanley plum is simple, it is only important to observe the following nuances:

• choose the right planting site, prepare the soil;
• water, weed, loosen, mulch, feed, cut branches and treat the trunk from pests and diseases in a timely manner.

Plum loves moisture and requires 1 watering per week, 10 liters per tree.

Optimal planting times

In the south, you can plant Stanley plum shoots at any time, in spring or autumn.

1. If planting is planned for the spring, do it before the start of sap flow. Around the beginning of March, after the snow melts.
2. In autumn, plant seedlings before the first frost. If a seedling is purchased in November, there is no point in planting it before winter. It is better to postpone the process to spring. "Mothball" the seedling, digging into the soil, cover with spruce branches, and later - with snow. Take out before planting in the spring.

In the middle lane, the best planting time is spring, since the planting material, which was planted in the fall, does not have time to get stronger by winter.

Landing site and preparation

Stenley plum prefers warmth, so it is better to plant the variety in a place well-lit by the sun's rays, where the north winds do not blow. The tree will "thank" for the fertile land with large fruits. The soil should warm up to a depth of 1 meter. It is advisable to plant the plum on the south side, in the first rows. The ground must contain groundwater. If they are not there, you will have to water the tree every 4 weeks.

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The American plum loves fertilizer. It must be planted on site in a plot of at least 9 square meters in area. Give preference to slightly alkaline, neutral sandy loam or loamy soils. Sour soil must be deoxidized with dolomite flour. If a part of the land has close groundwater, put grated bricks on the bottom. They stimulate the growth of the root system, protect the Stanley plum from freezing.

Selection and preparation of a seedling

Before buying Stanley plum seedlings, you need to consider the features of the area.

1. In regions with a warm climate, plant your own rooted seedlings.
2. In colder areas, it is advisable to choose rootstock planting material.

It is worth buying Stanley plum shoots from specialty stores or markets. A healthy seedling has the following characteristics:

• roots are not damaged, without rot and fungus, long;
• branches must be intact, flexible, strong, without overdried or deformed areas;
• the desired age of the seedlings is 1-2 years, without leaves.

If the seedling was purchased in a container, you need to take it out along with a lump of soil and place it in the excavated recess.

How to prepare a plum for planting:

• in 2-3 days, place the rhizome in a solution of potassium parchment at room temperature;
• to treat the root system with "Heteroauxin" to improve plant survival.

3-4 hours before planting, dip the roots into a mess of clay and manure of a creamy consistency.

Good and bad neighborhoods with cultures

Any fruit trees grow well near the Stanley plum. It is important that there is a distance of 3 meters between her and her neighbors. The best companions of plums are cherry or sweet cherry. Apple trees, pears and other fruit trees get along worse. It is undesirable to plant berry crops nearby.

Planting process

Experienced summer residents advise planting plums in March, before pollen begins. In autumn planting, seedlings take root worse. The planting pit is prepared from autumn, until the first frost. Then she will have time to settle. The size of the deepening and the laying technique depend on the fertility of the soil.

1. The depth of the fossa is 60-100 centimeters.
2. The diameter of the recess is 80-100 centimeters.
3. If the soil is fertile, remove the top layer and set it aside, dig up the bottom. Combine the removed top with humus in a 1: 1 ratio, cover with a mound.
4. When planting plums in infertile soil, remove the sod, chop and lay separately. Combine 2 buckets of rotten manure, 1 liter of ash. Put the combination on the bottom and fill up the fertile soil from another place.

Planting a Stanley plum does not imply any special nuances. It is carried out in this way:

• drive in a support stake from the top of the hill at the bottom of the pit;
• fill the hole with plenty of water;
• plant seedlings near the support and tie them up so that the root collar is above the surface;
• distribute the rhizome over a mound, slowly sprinkle with earth, tamp it tightly;
• retreat half a meter from the trunk, make a groove in a circle with a hoe, pour 3 buckets of water into it;
• mulch the area around the trunk.

Plum planting process is simple, the main thing is to follow the instructions clearly.

Tree care

Subsequent care of the Stanley plum involves the introduction of drugs that stimulate the growth of seedlings. The procedure is performed every 3 months, for 1 and 2 years from the moment of planting. You will need 2 tablets of "Heteroauxin", which are diluted in a 10-liter bucket of water. Water the ditch at each plum sapling with the mixture. It is also necessary to cut the tree on time, water it, fertilize it, treat it from pests and diseases, and mulch.

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Irrigation scheme

In the first year after planting, the Stanley plum requires utmost attention. The seedling must be watered constantly, in something like this:

• the watering rate is 50-60 liters per 1 square meter;
• moisten the soil 40 centimeters deep.

Water the plum without waiting for the earth to dry out. Watering scheme:

• during the formation of ovaries;
• 2 weeks before harvest;
• after collecting the plum.

Autumn watering will take place in October, before the first frost.

Plum dressing

In the second year after planting a plum, you can fertilize it with a solution of urea, nitrophoska, potassium sulfate and superphosphate. Each fertilizer should be 2 tablespoons.

When the Stanley plum begins to bear fruit, fertilize it in this way:

• before flowering - 2 tablespoons of urea solution, the same amount of potassium sulfate;
• during the period of plum pouring - a solution of urea in the amount of 2 tablespoons and 3 tablespoons of nitrophoska;
• after harvesting - potassium sulfate solution - 2 tablespoons and superphosphate - 3 tablespoons.

Dilute the components in 10 liters of water. In addition to mineral fertilizers, you can use organic plum dressings. Every year at the beginning of summer, put a bucket of manure, 250 grams of dolomite flour into the ground near the trunk.

Subtleties of trimming

In order for the Stanley plum to bear many fruits, it is necessary to regularly carry out crown formation. After planting, "trim" the seedling by pinching the apical bud so that lateral shoots begin to grow. The future skeletal tree branches are formed from them. For a 2-year-old seedling, shorten the center conductor and side branches by one third. Every 6 years, 1 sanitary pruning of plums, which helps to eliminate pests and diseases.

Preparing for the winter period

It is advisable to insulate young trees before winter with the following options:

1. The plum is protected from the cold by wrapping in burlap, nylon tights. Black material is not good, wood can get sunburn.
2. To warm the roots, mulch the trunk area with a layer of earth, sawdust 6-7 centimeters high.

The Stanley plum must be protected from rodents. This is done in several ways.

1. Fencing with metal mesh.
2. Cover with a box if the tree is small. The empty space is filled with sawdust, pine needles, newspapers.
3. Hut. A frame is made of willow twigs sticking out of the ground. Put hay, straw, foliage on top. Cover the structure with roofing felt.

Adult trees need a whitewash of the trunk - it is covered with a solution of slaked lime with copper sulphate and office glue.

Treatment of crops from diseases and pests

The American plum has a strong immunity to disease, but experienced gardeners recommend protecting it additionally.

1. To protect the tree from attack of diseases, treat it with fungicides.
2. If the fungus has already infected the crown of the plum, burn it partially or completely.
3. Aphids are fought with Intavir.

If the plum was attacked by rodents, look for them on the crown, destroy it.

Cleaning and storage rules

The ripening period of fruits depends on the region. In the middle lane, the harvest occurs in late August or early September. Carry out cleaning in stages, remove the fruits in 2-3 approaches in dry weather. If you need to transport the plum, remove it a little underripe. You cannot stand on the branches, they are fragile, it is better to use a ladder.

Overripe fruits are soft, unpleasant, and fall to the ground. You can't waste time with harvesting. Start the procedure from the lower branches, gradually moving towards the top. It is recommended not to wash off the wax film, it helps the fruit to stay fresh.