Types and methods of artificial insemination of pigs at home
People who own large farms often engage in artificial insemination of pigs. This procedure greatly simplifies and speeds up the process of obtaining young offspring. However, before proceeding with the insemination of piglets, it is necessary to understand in more detail the main rules and nuances of its conduct.
The essence and benefits of artificial insemination
Before insemination, you need to familiarize yourself with the main essence of the process and its advantages. This technique becomes relevant when there are too many individuals on the farm. Thanks to artificial insemination, it is possible to inseminate a large number of females in a short time. When carrying out the procedure, it is recommended to use high-quality genetic materials of young boars. The sperm of one male will be enough to fertilize about five hundred females per year. This is considered the main advantage of artificial insemination. Also, the advantages include the simplicity of the procedure.
The use of the technique allows one and the same sperm to be used to fertilize several farms. This is possible because the semen can be transported without problems. The people who will be engaged in breeding will be able to carefully select the genetic material.
This process is simple and does not require the use of specialized equipment.
Among the advantages of manual insemination, one can single out the fact that in the process of fertilization it is not necessary to take into account the weight of the animal. Since there is no mating itself, this factor cannot influence anything. However, in normal mixing, the farmer should not allow the boar to be much heavier than the female.
Insemination without direct contact between male and female reduces the likelihood of contracting certain infectious diseases. Also, artificial insemination allows you to fertilize a group of animals at a time. Thanks to this, it will be much easier for the farmer to care for newborn gilts in the future, since all females will farrow within 5-10 days.
Types and methods of artificial insemination
There are two types of procedure, the features of which must be familiarized.
Using diluted semen
If insemination is carried out using diluted sperm, some concentrated sperm are added to the liquid. Moreover, their number should not exceed 150 milliliters. It is also necessary to determine the amount of biomaterial that will be poured into the female.For each kilogram of live weight, one milliliter of seed mixture is consumed.
Before using this type of fertilization, it is necessary to prepare special instruments that may be needed. A plastic or glass flask is prepared in advance, which can be hermetically closed. Then two catheters are prepared through which fluid will be poured. After preparing all the instruments, the biomaterial is transfused.
Fractional way
Some farmers prefer this method. Its main feature is that it is carried out in two consecutive stages. First, the female is fertilized with diluted biomaterial, which must penetrate into the upper half of the uterus. The sperm is preliminarily diluted with a special liquid made from purified water, glucose and sodium. Then the procedure is carried out a second time to achieve the necessary microflora.
Pig selection rules
Before fertilizing sows, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of choosing a pig. It is important that the mumps is sexually mature. Their puberty ends at the age of five months. However, only nine-month-old females can engage in bearing offspring. It is recommended to fertilize females when their hunting period begins. There are signs by which it will be possible to choose a suitable period for insemination:
- Females become too active, restless and almost never sit in one place.
- During the hunting period, the animals' appetite worsens, which is why they eat much less.
- In pigs, the genitals turn red and slightly swell. Sometimes liquid begins to stand out from them.
- When you press on the back of the ridge, the pig begins to arch its back and emit characteristic squeals.
- If a male is allowed to approach the pig, then it will stand motionless without showing aggressive behavior.
In order not to miss the hunting period, you must regularly examine the animal. It is recommended to do this in the evening during the feeding period. Individuals selected for fertilization must be removed from other animals.
How to artificially inseminate a pig
The insemination process is carried out in several successive stages, which should be familiarized in more detail.
Semen collection
First, you need to take sperm collection. First, they are sent to the usual mating with females, after which they are taught to a doll in the form of a pig. After a while, the animals develop a reflex, thanks to which they mount the doll. To properly collect semen, you must read the following guidelines:
- A scarecrow for mating must be carefully fixed. A rubberized mat is placed behind it so that there is no slip.
- In the doll, you need to securely fix the hole that mimics the genitals of the female. It is advisable to install an electric heater inside to maintain a comfortable temperature.
- The male genitals must be carefully guided into the hole. To complete the process faster, you can grip it slightly to improve stimulation.
Preparation for the process
Before embarking on fertilization, you need to do some preparatory work. To begin with, a room is being prepared in which the procedure will be carried out. It is thoroughly cleaned and the floors are washed if necessary. You also need to prepare gloves and tools. They must be sterile so that infection cannot enter the genitals. If this happens, the number of embryos will decrease and the pregnancy of the mumps may be disrupted.
The pig is driven into a prepared barn and securely fixed so that it cannot move.Then the female genitals are washed with a cloth soaked in warm water. After that, they are treated with furacilin and wiped with a dry towel.
The female must be stroked on the sides so that she calms down and is ready to inseminate. These strokes also increase the amount of oxytocin, which is needed to improve the acceptance of the seed mixture.
Fertilization technique
To properly fertilize a mumps at home, you need to familiarize yourself with the technique of the procedure. First, you need to place a catheter in the genital opening of the mumps and gently push it inward until a slight opposition appears. Then it is turned to the left and the semen is gradually squeezed inward. When the entire mass has been poured in, the catheter is carefully removed. To make it easier to extract, it is scrolled to the right.
Possible mistakes
People who have never artificially inseminated piglets before often make mistakes. The most common are the following:
- Intensive feeding of females. Before insemination, the gilts should not be overfeeded, as this negatively affects the results of fertilization.
- Poor pig preparation. If you do not first prepare and calm the female, then due to stress, she will behave aggressively.
- Choosing the wrong time for fertilization. Fertilization should be carried out only during the estrus.
Conclusion
Many farmers during the rearing of piglets are engaged in their artificial insemination. However, before proceeding with fertilization, it is necessary to understand the features of such a procedure.
