Description and characteristics of the cherry variety Tyutchevka, planting and care
It is believed that sweet cherry is a southern plant that cannot be grown in the temperate climate of the middle zone. But this is the wrong opinion of most gardeners. There are hybrid varieties of cherries, bred by breeders specifically for growing in any region. It is these varieties that the winter-hardy cherry Tyutchevka belongs to.
History of origin and region of growth
Tyutchevka appeared in the State Register in the early 2000s. The basis of the new plant variety is the sweet cherry "3-36", crossed with the variety "Red dense". The work on the creation of the species was carried out at the research institute in Bryansk.
The result is fruit crops resistant to the harsh winter climate. Now the tasty Tyutchevka berry is grown both in the southern regions of the country and in the Urals. But the new cherry variety got its name because of the love of the chief breeder for the poetry of the great poet Tyutchev.
Pros and cons: is it worth planting?
Like every plant, this type of cherry has its own advantages and disadvantages, based on which gardeners decide whether to plant a tree in their gardens or not.
Advantages of Tyutchevka cherry:
- Frost resistant. Even at low Ural temperatures, the plant recovers quickly in the spring.
- Large, juicy and sweet fruits.
- With a thin skin, the fruits have a long shelf life, which allows the delicacy to be delivered to remote places.
The main disadvantages of the variety are:
- Intolerance to excess moisture. Prolonged rains negatively affect the harvest. Fruits crack and rot, which leads to large losses of tasty and healthy delicacies.
- The variety has poor self-pollination capabilities; an additional pollinator is required.
Important! Consider when planting seedlings! An excess of soil and groundwater will destroy the plant.
Description of the variety
Cherry Tyutchevka has high taste and productivity, which makes this type of fruit crop attractive for growing in gardens and vegetable gardens.
Height and size of the tree crown.
Fruit trees of the Tyutchevka variety rarely grow above 3.5-4.5 m. The crown is spherical, spreading, with thick branches that have a brown color. Large green leaves are smooth, with pointed tips and denticles at the edges.
All about flowering, pollination and fruiting
Each cherry inflorescence has 4 flowers with touching petals, from which fruits subsequently appear. Cherry Tyutchevka is considered a late variety, therefore, the flowering period of the plant occurs in late spring, early summer. Ripe cherries are harvested in August, sometimes, under favorable weather conditions, the harvest ripens by the end of July.
The variety has poor self-pollination capabilities, no more than 6% of the ovaries. Therefore, planted single plants will not be able to bear fruit. It is recommended to plant several cherry seedlings at once. Any variety of this fruitful crop with suitable flowering times will become a pollinator. The difference at the beginning of the active flowering period of the plant should not exceed 3-4 days.
If similar trees are grown in neighboring areas, they can also become pollinators for your cherries. Ripe fruits are large, some weigh up to 7.5-8g.
Productivity and application
With proper pollination, Tyutchevka begins to bear fruit at the 5th year of its growth. This cherry variety is rightfully famous for its large, juicy and sweet-tasting fruits. On average, up to 20 kg of harvest is harvested from one tree. With proper care and favorable weather conditions, the figure rises to 40 kg from one fruit tree.
Ripe dark red cherries are eaten fresh. The fruits contain vitamins, minerals and amino acids that are necessary for the health and proper functioning of the body.
Cherries are canned, preserves, marmalades and jams are made, juices, nectars, desserts are made. For longer storage, cherries are frozen. In dairy products, cherries are found in the manufacture of yoghurts and tender curds.
Transportability
Correctly and on time harvested crop easily transfers transportation even over long distances. Although the skin of the fruit is thin, but strong, well protecting the dense pulp.
Reproduction Tyutchevka
There are several ways to propagate your favorite cherry variety:
- Growing cherries from seeds. In this case, the fruit crop will lose almost all the properties of its variety.
- Propagation by cuttings. Cuttings are cut from an adult crop in summer. But before the first cold weather, they may not have time to grow and gain the strength necessary for wintering. Therefore, throughout the winter, young plants will have to be taken care of.
- Reproduction by layering. With this procedure, strong and viable seedlings are obtained. Young seedlings take root well and begin active growth from the first days of planting.
Only at first glance it seems that the reproduction of fruit crops is a complex and lengthy occupation. One has only to start and try, and everything will become simple and clear.
Variety characteristics
Cherry of the Tyutchevka variety was bred specifically for regions with a temperate and harsh climate, but in the southern parts of the country, this plant also feels good.
Frost and drought resistance
Cherry easily tolerates severe winters and even during the flowering process, small frosts are not an obstacle for it. After hibernation, the variety quickly enters its life cycle and gains strength. Cherry Tyutchevka is resistant to arid climate, but in severe and prolonged drought it requires additional moisture.
Susceptibility to diseases and pests
This variety is immune to many diseases. But cherries can be protected from fungal infections only with the help of proper and timely care. Also, trees are affected by pests that damage not only yield, but also threaten the life of the plant.
The main enemies of the fruit crop:
- The moth eats young buds and inflorescences.
- The weevil causes irreparable damage to the crop, destroys the ovary.
- The cherry fly lays larvae on the plant, which destroy the foliage and the ripe crop.
- Aphids form their numerous colonies on the back of the leaves.
At the slightest manifestation of disease or infection of the plant by pests, urgently take measures to process the tree and further treat it.
Planting cherries on the site
Many factors influence the development and productivity of Tyutchevka. But the most important of them is the correct and timely planting of seedlings.
Recommended timing
Planting seedlings depends on the climatic conditions of the region of residence. In the southern regions, the tree is planted in the fall. Before the onset of frost, the plant has time to take root and easily endure the winter cold. In areas with early frosts, trees are planted outdoors in spring. This procedure is done immediately after the snow melts, before the first buds swell on the trees.
Site selection and preparation of the landing pit
Sweet cherry does not like the close proximity of other fruit crops. Therefore, for seedlings, a plot of garden or vegetable garden is allocated at a distance of at least 5 meters from other plants. Trees will thrive and thrive on a low elevation or plain on the south side of the site that is well lit by sunlight.
An important point when planting seedlings is the condition of the soil. Trees love fertile, loose soil.
Planting seedlings begins with digging a hole:
- Depth - 50-70 cm.
- Diameter - 60-90 cm.
The dug hole is filled with earth mixed with humus and fertilizers. In this form, the pit should be for 1-1.5 months and only then trees are planted in it.
Important! The site for planting seedlings is prepared and fertilized in advance. Soil containing high acidity is neutralized with lime.
How to choose a healthy and strong seedling
You need to choose and buy seedlings of a hybrid fruit plant in special nurseries or garden centers. First of all, the appearance of the seedling is examined. It should be free of pronounced damage, no broken twigs, mold deposits, traces of pests and decay. The age of a plant ready for independent growth in the open field is 1-3 years.
When examining a seedling, special attention should be paid to the root system. The spines should not show any obvious damage and should be neatly cut, but not too short. The main determining factor in choosing the right variety is Tyutchevka cherry leaves. They have an oval shape with a pointed top; the stalk is short, almost invisible.
Technological process of disembarkation
Purchased seedlings are planted in the holes prepared in advance. The root system of the plant is neatly distributed in the hole and covered with earth. There should be no voids without soil between the roots. The ground around the plant is carefully compacted. After a successful planting, the tree is watered abundantly.
Culture care
The cherry variety Tyutchevka is considered unpretentious. However, in order to get a large harvest of tasty and healthy fruits, efforts will still have to be made.
Irrigation and fertilization of the tree
Sweet cherry does not tolerate strong soil moisture. Watering is necessary for the plant based on the weather conditions of the region. In the middle zone of the country, it is enough to water a tree abundantly only 3 times a season. In hotter areas, the watering schedule should be more frequent. During prolonged rains, the area under the tree is covered with foil or other waterproof materials.
If the planting of seedlings took place according to all the rules, then within 2-3 years additional feeding of the tree will not be required. Then the cherries are fed in the spring, once every 2-3 years, with natural and nitrogen fertilizers.
Anti-aging and shaping pruning
Formative pruning is performed annually on young trees. This procedure allows you to extend the life of the plant and get a high yield.
For this, several strong shoots are selected, which will serve as the base of the crown, the remaining branches are cut off. Each year the tree grows by 1 tier. Pruning is done in the spring, while the cherry is in a state of sleep. In mature trees, root shoots, weak or dry branches are cut off.
Barrel circle care
Loosening, hilling and mulching of the trunk circle is especially necessary in arid regions. Also, the procedure is carried out before the winter months. During the season, weeds and young growth are removed around the trunk, which hinders development and growth.
Preventive treatments
Preventive spraying is carried out every year in spring and autumn. It is best to carry out such procedures with natural preparations that you can prepare yourself. But if this is not possible, then special tools are purchased in stores.
Important! Chemical preparations are used with caution during fruit ripening..
Shelter for the winter
Preparatory work for wintering cherries includes the following stages:
- Abundant watering of trees. Wet soil protects the root system from frost, because it freezes much more slowly than dry soil.
- Plants are insulated with burlap or special fiber.
- In snowy winters, snowdrifts are raked around the trees.
- The bark is coated with manure or lime, covered with a net or roofing material, otherwise forest animals will damage the plants.
Fulfilling all the rules for growing and caring for the Tyutchevka cherry variety, you will get a large and tasty harvest.
Reviews of summer residents about the variety
Svetlana. Moscow region.
Sweet cherry is my favorite culture, but, unfortunately, early. This is where my favorite tree in the country, Tyutchevka, comes to the rescue. We enjoy its fruits all summer, but we do not have time to harvest a bountiful harvest.
Rita. Saratov.
We bought two Tyutchevka cherry saplings for the dacha. Both immediately took root and are already producing a bountiful harvest. We eat sweet cherries fresh, they are very tasty. I freeze a little for the winter, the family loves to eat ice cream with them.
