The best pear varieties for the Urals with a description, the subtleties of growing and care
Many gardeners are cultivating pears in the garden. It is no secret that this fruit belongs to the group of heat-loving plants that must be cultivated in regions with a favorable climate. However, some varieties of pear trees grow well in the Urals and Siberia. Before planting seedlings in such regions, you should familiarize yourself with the best pear varieties for the Urals.
The specifics of growing pears in the Urals
A characteristic feature of the Ural region is that it has unfavorable climatic conditions for growing most plants. The territory of the Urals is dominated by swampy and podzolic soils, in which the cultivation of pears is complicated at times. The weather conditions in the region are unstable, temperature drops are regularly observed, due to which the planted seedlings may die. Even in late spring and summer, severe frosts can begin.
Such features of the climate force gardeners to make certain changes in the process of planting and growing pears. To obtain an average or high yield, you will have to pay special attention to warming the seedlings and making additional fertilizing. Before planting pear seedlings, a drainage layer is created in the soil, which is covered from above with organic and mineral dressings. In winter, the planted trees are covered with snow, which will protect them from severe frosts.
The best Ural pear varieties
In order to get a good harvest in a cold climate, it is necessary to plant standard winter-hardy Ural or Chelyabinsk varieties. It is recommended to study the description and the main features of each in advance.
Chelyabinsk winter
It is a medium-sized tree with a round crown and excellent resistance to low temperatures. The main advantage of the plant is that it almost never gets sick. The variety does not bear fruit immediately, but only 3-4 years after planting in the soil. The fruits are yellow and weigh 120 grams. Chelyabinsk winter pear has excellent taste due to its juicy and sweet pulp.
Ripe fruits are harvested in the second half of August or September. The harvested crop has good keeping quality and is stored for 6-7 months.
Zarechnaya
Among pears with late ripening of fruits, Zarechnaya is distinguished. The main advantages of the fruit include:
- frost resistance;
- yield;
- taste qualities;
- resistance to many diseases.
Such trees grow quickly and begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting. They have a rounded and spreading crown.
Ripe fruits are covered with a thin skin that has a golden color. The flesh of the fruit is soft, with a pleasant aroma and sweet taste.
Magnitogorsk runaway
Lovers of classic varieties should pay attention to the Magnitogorsk runaway. This plant easily tolerates the coldest Ural winters and is resistant to dangerous pests and diseases. Such trees begin to bear fruit in the 5-6th year after planting in the garden.
The fruits are green and have a slight yellowish tint. The harvested crop is very tasty and is often used to make jams, compotes, juice and even baked goods.
Safe (Bere yellow improved)
Medium late fruit, the advantages of which include immunity to many diseases and taste of the fruit. Many experts rank Berezhnaya as one of the best pear varieties that can be grown in the Urals. The advantages of Berezhnaya include frost resistance, long-term fruiting and yield.
The first crop ripens five years after planting. The fruits are small and grow up to one hundred grams. The harvested crop is recommended to be stored in cool rooms with a temperature of 10-15 degrees.
Talitsa (Skorospelka Sverdlovskaya)
Refers to early ripening pears that ripen for 65 days. Thanks to this, a ripe crop is harvested in the first half of August. The harvested fruits are stored for only 10-15 days, and therefore it is recommended to use them immediately. The yield at Talitsa is high and amounts to 20-40 kilograms from each tree.
The fruits are round in shape and look like small apples. They are covered with a light yellowish skin with a slight roughness on the surface. The weight of each ripe pear reaches 110 grams.
Sverdlovsk
It is considered the most widespread variety grown in the Urals. Such popularity of Sverdlovchanka is due to the excellent taste of ripe fruits and long-term storage of the harvested crop. Also, the advantages include the frost resistance of trees that endure any Ural winter.
This is a large-fruited variety, as the fruits weigh 170-180 grams. They are covered with a green peel, which becomes yellowish in the process of maturation.
Penguin
It is a high-yielding, fast-growing tree with a broad-pyramidal crown. 3-4 years after planting, pear-shaped fruits weighing 125 grams appear on the trees. Most often they are colored bright yellow, however some fruits may have a slight orange blush. At least 22 kilograms of the crop are harvested from each adult tree. The flesh of the Penguin is juicy and tender, without stony points.
Guidon
A fast-growing plant that has a wide pyramidal crown. The shoots are located close to each other, and therefore the tree is compact. Its branches are covered with dark green leaves with a smooth surface. One-dimensional fruits of Guidon grow up to 130 grams. They are covered with a yellowish and smooth rind, under which there is a tender and fleshy flesh.
The main advantages of Guidon are considered resistance to temperature drop and high productivity.
Favorite
A tall plant with a broad and thin crown. The favorite has a strong root system that is resistant to soil freezing. The Favorite has large oval fruits that weigh 115-120 grams. At first they are colored green, but as they ripen, their rind becomes more ruddy. With proper care, 35 kilograms of harvest are obtained from the tree.
Krasulia
These are medium-sized trees that do not grow higher than four meters. Krasulia refers to early ripening pears that ripen in early August.On average, the weight of the fruit is 90 grams, but if you take proper care of the trees, pears grow up to 130 grams. Productivity from one tree is 20-25 kilograms.
Dekabrinka
A tall tree that grows up to five meters in height. Dekabrinka is resistant to frost and therefore it is often planted in Siberia and the Urals. Ripe fruits are small and weigh only 85-90 grams. They are covered with a smooth yellowish skin. The flesh of Dekabrinka is juicy and aromatic, has a sweet and sour aftertaste.
Sunremy
This variety is popular among the Ural gardeners. The advantages of Sunremy include taste, frost resistance and large fruits. The weight of each ripe fruit reaches three hundred grams. The harvest is versatile, as it is used both canned and fresh.
Tikhonovna
The variety was named after the Russian breeder A.S. Tikhonova. The pear has good frost resistance and a high yield level. Tikhonovna has rounded greenish fruits, which turn yellow after ripening. They are small and weigh 70-75 grams. The pulp is juicy, sweet and fleshy.
Sentyabrina
Sentyabrina is often grown in the northern regions. These are tall and fruitful fruit trees with a spreading crown. Sentyabrina is resistant to diseases and therefore practically does not get sick.
The fruits weigh 200-250 grams each, they are colored green with a golden tint.
Transcendental
A winter-hardy plant that tolerates Siberian frosts. Pear-shaped fruits weigh 80-95 grams. They have a fleshy, juicy and aromatic flesh. The Cloudy pear begins to ripen late - in early September.
What pear seedlings are better to choose?
When choosing a pear seedling, consider the following:
- Age. Some gardeners argue that you need to buy tall seedlings, but this is not the case. Experienced experts advise buying young seedlings whose stem thickness does not exceed ten millimeters.
- Root condition. The quality of a seedling can be determined by the condition of its root system. The plant should have a formed root 25-35 centimeters long.
- Stamp. When choosing, they carefully examine the twigs and stem. They should be uniform in color without dark spots.
Pear care in the Urals
In order for pear trees to bear fruit, they must be properly looked after.
A little about fertilization
Pears are fertilized a year after planting. Top dressing is applied to the ground in the summer, when there is no frost. It is better to use potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, which accelerate the ripening of the fruit.
Now about watering trees
The tree does not need to be watered abundantly, but this does not mean that it should not be watered at all. It is recommended to irrigate 1-2 times per season. In this case, water is poured under the root.
Moving on to pruning
Pruning of pear trees is carried out in the spring. During the procedure, lateral shoots are cut, on which few fruits are formed. A pruning shear is used to trim young stems. To get rid of old branches, you will have to use a saw.
Conclusion
The climatic features of the Urals do not allow the cultivation of many varieties of pears. Before you start cultivating fruits in this region, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of the best Ural pear varieties.
