Description and characteristics, pros and cons of the Marble pear variety, pollinators and cultivation
The Marble pear variety can be found quite often in the gardens of the middle lane, but with proper care, it will not be difficult to grow a culture in any region. The fruits are large in size, the pulp tastes sweet, with a high juice content. The variety is characterized by high yield, good resistance to many adverse factors. Care is simple, does not require a lot of investment of time and effort.
Content
Description and characteristics of pear Marble
Pear Marble was bred in Russia. It is based on two varieties of pears: Bere Zimnaya and Lesnaya Krasavitsa. The characteristics of the resulting culture are distinguished by a large list of advantages.
The description indicates the following distinctive features of the pear:
- the height of the tree reaches 4 meters, a powerful crown of a pyramidal shape;
- leaves are dark green, large, slightly carved edges;
- flowering period begins in early spring, flowers are small, white;
- ripening of fruits begins at the end of summer;
- dense skin of ripe fruits is yellow-greenish with dark yellow blotches, cream-colored flesh;
- large grains;
- a young tree begins to bear fruit after 6 years;
- the pear becomes a pollinator for many other pear varieties;
- refers to self-pollinated crops, but the process is difficult.
The fruit pulp contains a large amount of fructose, so the product is approved for use by patients with diabetes.
Pros and cons of the variety
The advantages of the Marble pear variety include a number of advantages:
- large fruits weighing up to 180 g;
- high yield;
- the duration of storage of the harvested fruits reaches two months;
- fruits tolerate transportation well;
- high resistance to infections and pests;
- the tree can withstand frosts down to -26 degrees.
The disadvantage of the pear is that it is poorly tolerated to drought, so gardeners need to set the correct watering regime. Young seedlings do not tolerate low temperatures well.
Landing features
Pear Marble does not impose any special requirements on the soil; it begins to bear fruit anywhere. But in order to obtain a high and high-quality harvest, you should try to create the most comfortable conditions for the culture.
How to check the quality of a seedling?
Particular attention should be paid to the quality of pear seedlings:
- For planting, it is better to choose two-year-old pears with 4 side branches.
- There should be 4-5 strong roots, up to 32 cm long.
- It is desirable to have an earthen coma with roots.
- There should be no signs of cracking on the surface of the bark.
Choosing a place and time of boarding
You can start planting pears in the spring or autumn months:
- Spring work begins only after the establishment of stable warm weather, when the risk of frost return has passed, approximately from May 1 to May 5.
- In autumn, you need to plant a pear before the onset of cold weather, since the root system takes time to adapt, in the first half of October.
The place for planting pears must meet the following requirements:
- good illumination;
- protection from through winds;
- fertile, loose soil with good aeration without stagnant moisture.
Sequence of actions for landing
Recommendations to help you plant pear seedlings correctly:
- 12 days before planting the seedling, they dig a hole 75 cm deep.
- The soil dug out of the hole is mixed with fertilizers.
- If the soil is heavy, then gravel is poured onto the bottom of the pit.
- A pole is installed in the center of the pit, which will serve as a support for the trunk.
- Place a seedling and bury it with earth. The root collar of the seedling should protrude 6 cm above ground level.
- The trunk is tied to a support, the soil is slightly compacted and a groove is made for irrigation.
Immediately after planting, the pear is watered with settled water. One root consumes up to 25 liters of water. Then the soil is mulched. Straw, sawdust, dry foliage are chosen as mulch.
How to properly care for a plant?
Caring for pears of the Marble variety is uncomplicated. It is necessary to water the soil on time, introduce nutrients, carry out pruning, as well as treatment from infections and pests.
How to water?
The variety needs frequent watering. With a moisture deficit, unripe fruits and leaves begin to fall off. As a result, yield decreases. The first month after planting, it is required to water the pear every 7 days.
In the future, the pear needs additional watering in spring and autumn, especially if the weather is dry.
Sprinkler irrigation is considered the ideal method of watering. If it is not possible to carry out such an irrigation option, then a ditch 15 cm deep is dug around the tree. The earth must be periodically loosened and weeded from weeds.
When and how to feed?
In different growing seasons, the pear needs fertilization. It is important to correctly calculate the dosage, since not only a lack, but also an excess of nutrient components can lead to poor culture development:
- During the flowering period of the pear, nitrogen fertilizers are applied.
- Two weeks after flowering, the tree is treated with a urea solution.
- Urea is introduced in June.
- In July, the soil is fed with potassium sulfate.
- In the autumn, when fruiting ends, it is desirable to introduce organic matter. Manure, compost or bird droppings are suitable.
As the pear grows, there may be a need for additional fertilization:
- If the leaves do not develop well, and the lower leaves completely fall off, a lack of phosphorus is found.
- When spots appear on the leaves, calcium deficiency is not excluded.
- With a lack of potassium, the leaves turn brown and fall off.
- When the fruit does not ripen well, a lot of nitrogen may have been added.
- Small leaves with a pale color with a lack of nitrogen.
The first five years after planting the pear, top dressing should not be applied at the very root. It is better to distribute nutrients around the perimeter of the near-stem zone.
How to whitewash?
To prevent the bark of the tree from being damaged by the sun's rays, whitewash the trunk in the spring. The solution is purchased at the store or made independently. Clay and lime are stirred in water.
If copper sulfate is added to the solution, then such a whitewash will protect not only from the sun, but also from pests and diseases.
Whitewashing is applied from the lower branches of the pear to the very bottom of the trunk. In a young seedling, all branches are additionally whitewashed.
When and how to prune correctly?
Pruning promotes young bud formation. As a result, the yield and quality of the fruit increases. A different kind is performed in each season pear pruning.
Crown formation
In most cases, the crown of a marble pear is formed in the form of a bowl. With this method, all parts of the plant receive enough air and light. The procedure is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow:
- A year after planting, the main branches of the tree begin to be identified. There can be 3 or 4. It is taken into account that the distance between the branches should be 18 cm. The selected branches are shortened by 25%.
- The remaining branches are removed completely, without leaving hemp on the trunk.
- Two years later, on each branch left, two more shoots are determined, which are shortened by half. The distance between the branches is 55 cm.
- All other branches are completely cut out.
- In subsequent years, the selected branches are cut to maintain a constant length.
Work is carried out with a clean, disinfected garden tool to prevent infection.
Regulatory trim
This type of pruning is usually carried out in early spring. The need for it arises only in the case of excessive crown density. In the course of work, branches are removed that grow inside the crown of the tree.
Supportive pruning
In the summer months, when there is an active growth of young shoots, this pruning method is carried out. The Marble pear variety is not prone to the formation of a large number of shoots, therefore, the branching of young branches is increased with the help of chasing. The procedure consists in pruning young branches by 11 cm.
Sanitary pruning
In the fall, during the preparation of the pear for winter, sanitary pruning is carried out. Remove dry and damaged branches. Sometimes the procedure is required in early spring.
Trimming rules
Pear pruning is carried out, observing some rules:
- work is carried out with sharply sharpened garden tools;
- instruments are disinfected;
- during pruning, hemp is not left, so as not to provoke the spread of infection;
- large sections are covered with garden var.
If simple rules are followed, it will be possible to increase the yield and improve the development of the culture.
Preparing a pear for winter
An adult tree can withstand frosts down to -26 degrees. Young seedlings are damaged at a temperature of -9 degrees. Therefore, every autumn they carry out insulation with various covering materials.
Preparations for the winter cold begin in September. The ground near the trunk is dug up, watered with warm water and covered with a thick layer of horse manure, tree bark or humus. In winter, a large snowdrift is thrown to the trunk.
Some growers use warm, breathable material around the trunk. Pine and reed branches are suitable. You can use newspaper, corrugated cardboard, cotton cloth.
Diseases and pests
The Marble pear variety is distinguished by high immunity and good resistance to pests. But it does not hurt to know about the first signs of a problem in order to take action on time.
Typical diseases of the variety and methods of dealing with them
Most often, a pear is affected by fungal infections. They are fought, as a rule, with the help of fungicides.
Sooty fungus
On the leaves and branches, a black bloom in the form of soot becomes noticeable. Insects are carriers of the infection: aphids, whiteflies. Lack of lighting and air, a dense crown provokes the disease. All affected branches and leaves should be removed from the tree, then the crown is treated with Fitoverm. In advanced cases, chemical preparations are used: "Skor", "Horus".
Moniliosis
The fungus affects any part of the plant.Flowers, leaves, fruits, young shoots first wither and dry, and then turn black and fall off. The affected parts of the pear are necessarily cut out, capturing a neighboring healthy area, and burned.
Scab
Maroon spots appear on the inside of the leaves. The fruits begin to rot, cracks form on the skin. Rainy weather provokes the spread of the fungus. Trees are treated with fungicides: "Poliram", "Horus", "Merpan". From folk recipes, compositions based on mustard, salt, potassium permanganate, and horsetail infusion are effective.
Harmful insects and methods for their elimination
Sometimes the pear is attacked by pests. The fight against them is carried out with insecticides ("Decis", "Iskra", "Diazonin").
Pear flower beetle
The pest activates in spring, it eats buds, flowers, young leaves. In May, the bug returns to the soil and lays eggs. Larvae emerge from the eggs and eat the roots. The beetle hibernates in the soil around the tree trunk.
Pear moth
A small gray butterfly lays eggs in the soil. Caterpillars emerge from the eggs and feed on fruits. Caterpillars climb up the trunk and penetrate into the fruit. You can save yourself from the pest by whitewashing the trunk.
Aphid
Aphids are spread by ants. The installation of trapping belts and luring ladybirds that feed on aphids to the site will help prevent the appearance of pests.
Harvesting and storage
The full ripening of pears occurs in mid-October, but the harvest begins in September. Harvesting should be done in the morning, in dry, clear weather. Allods are torn off together with the stalk.
For storage, only dense fruits are selected without traces of damage and cracking. Selected pears are placed in cardboard boxes, wooden boxes or wicker baskets. Store fruits in a cool, dry area with good ventilation. The air temperature should be in the range from 0 to +2 degrees.
