Description and characteristics of the Chizhovskaya pear variety, planting and care
Summer residents often grow pear trees on the site. Before planting a variety, gardeners study all the available information about it. Chizhovsky pears conquer with resistance to weather changes, high productivity and other positive qualities.
Description and characteristics of the pear variety Chizhovskaya
For a general acquaintance with the peculiarities of the variety, the summer resident needs to know about what characteristic features the tree has.
The species was obtained as a result of crossing 2 varieties:
- Forest beauty;
- Olga.
An adult plant does not exceed 2.5 m in height. That makes it easier for gardeners to care and harvest. Before the beginning of fruiting, the crown of the Chizhovskaya pear is narrow, after which it becomes conical. The fruit is yellow-green in color, pear-shaped. The skin is thin, smooth. The taste was rated at 4.2 points, it is sweet, there is a small percentage of acid. The aroma is persistent. Fruits that have been on the tree for a long time do not overripe. The characteristic of the variety helps the summer resident decide whether to grow the species or not.
Advantages and disadvantages
An important part in the characterization of the variety. The presence of a large number of positive properties makes the pear type popular. Negative traits lead to the fact that no one acquires the plant and does not try to grow it.
Pros:
- the first fruits appear in the third year;
- fruiting is stable and abundant;
- frost resistant;
- the taste is excellent;
- the appearance is excellent;
- is immune to scab;
- pears hang until the moment of collection, even if the summer resident does not have time to collect them on time;
- fruits retain their appearance and taste during long-term transportation.
Minuses:
- drought intolerance;
- the older the pear, the smaller the fruit.
Fruit shredding is eliminated by rejuvenating pruning and fertilization. But it will not be possible to completely correct the situation.
How to properly plant a pear
In order for the cultivation to be effective, start with the correct planting. To do this, you need to follow simple techniques that are standard for all varieties of culture.
Planting site and soil
When planting, it is important to choose an area where the tree will feel comfortable. Choose a place on the sunny side. Groundwater should lie at a depth of 2 m; if possible, the site should be closed from drafts and strong winds. The soil needs fertile. Loam or black earth will do.With an insufficient amount of nutrients in the soil, humus and mineral fertilizers are applied before digging.
Boarding time
The landing date is determined by the summer resident. It is necessary to take into account the climatic features of the growing region. It is recommended to plant seedlings in spring. Summer residents do this in the fall. It is important to calculate the correct landing date.
In the spring, you need to plant a tree before the start of sap flow. In autumn, about a month before the first frost.The growth and development of the future tree depends on the correct choice of planting time.
Selection and preparation of a seedling
It is recommended to purchase 1-2 year old seedlings. They take root better and get sick less during transplantation. The root system must not be deformed or damaged. The same applies to the stem of the planting material.
Before planting a tree, summer residents put it in a root growth stimulator for several hours: "Kornevin", "Epin" and other means.
Step-by-step landing
Following the sequence will help grow a healthy plant that will yield the claimed yield:
- The landing pit is being prepared in advance. Dimensions 50 * 100 cm. The bottom is covered with a layer of fertile soil with humus and mineral fertilizers. Then ordinary earth is poured.
- A mound is formed in the planting pit, on which the seedling is installed. Straighten the roots and carefully sprinkle it with earth.
The grafting site or root collar is located 4-6 cm above ground level.
- At the end of the planting, watered with water.
- Mulch the ground around the trunk by any means at hand.
Landing scheme
The tree does not take up much space, therefore, when planting, a distance of 4-4.5 m from each other is observed. That is, the diameter of the trunk circle is 4 m.
Pollinators
The Chizhovskaya variety needs to be planted in the immediate vicinity of the species that bloom with it at the same time. Recognized as the best:
- Severyanka;
- Rogneda;
- Lada and others.
The fulfillment of this point when growing fruit crops increases the yield of the tree.
Tree care rules
The Chizhevsky variety has no cultivation characteristics. To obtain a harvest, it is recommended to follow standard agricultural techniques.
How to water
Before the tree takes over, it needs to be watered. It is not necessary to fill in, but it should not dry out either. While the plant is small, watered often, the maximum interval between moisture is 20 days. Water as needed. In dry summers, this is done often; in the rainy period, irrigation is reduced.
Fertilization
For the first few years, you do not need to feed the pear. From the 3rd year, they begin to slowly apply fertilizers. The culture responds to organic and mineral fertilizing.
The periods when the tree needs fertilization:
- in early spring;
- during flowering;
- during the formation of ovaries;
- during fruiting;
- after harvest;
- while preparing the tree for winter.
You need to alternate organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers. Then the plant will receive full nutrition.
How to trim
Pruning a tree is a crucial moment in plant care. With the correct procedure, the culture regularly bears fruit, practically does not get sick and rejuvenates.
There are several types of pruning, each of which is necessary for the tree:
- sanitary, clean sick, dry and damaged branches;
- regulating, remove shoots that interfere with the formation of the crown, growing unevenly or inside the tree;
- forming, remove unnecessary branches, leaving only skeletal ones that form a crown; cut off part of the length to stimulate the appearance of side shoots.
It is necessary to cut the Chizhovskaya pear, it is important to do everything right.
Whitewash
Trees are whitened to protect them from pests and viruses. Use quicklime with the addition of vitriol and clay.
Weeding the trunk circle
It is necessary to remove weeds constantly, the grass draws out most of the nutrients from the soil. Weeding helps to get rid of unnecessary vegetation. Gardeners fight weeds by loosening and mulching the trunk circle.
Wintering
With relative resistance to low temperatures, the Chizhovskaya pear in some regions is grown without special preparation for winter. In colder areas, tree trunks are wrapped.
Summer residents recommend covering the roots of the tree with dry plant residues, then sprinkle with earth.
Disease and pest control
The pear is subject to all sorts of diseases. If timely measures are not taken, the summer resident will lose the tree. Gardeners carry out preventive treatments in spring and autumn. Use special products purchased in the store.
It is better to follow the technology of planting and care, performing agrotechnical techniques, than to treat a diseased plant.
Possible pear diseases
There are certain cultural diseases. Fight each of them requires special drugs.
Moniliosis
When this disease is affected, the tree changes outwardly. Brown leaves appear, which then dry out, the same thing happens with flowers. If the plant is affected by a disease during fruiting, brown spots on the fruit will indicate its presence. Favorable conditions for the development of the disease are high humidity.
Scab
Pear Chizhovskaya has a high immunity to this disease. Therefore, the tree does not need treatment for the disease. Signs of the disease - the inside of the leaf is covered with a white bloom, gradually it acquires a brown tint. Then the fungus passes to the ovary or fruit, depending on the period in which the disease developed.
Sooty fungus
A soot-like bloom appears on the plants. Therefore, the disease received such a name. The appearance of the fungus is observed during the flowering and fruiting period.
Probable pear pests
The pear is attacked by various insects. If you do not take measures to eliminate them, the summer resident will lose part or all of the crop. And then the tree itself.
Aphid
It is impossible to notice the presence of one insect, and there is little harm from it. Much worse is a colony of pests that quickly multiply and destroy the plant. The main sign of aphids on a tree is a sticky substance on the leaves and curling tops of the branches.
It is necessary to take measures immediately, because their progression leads to the loss of the crop and the tree itself.
Pear moth
The butterfly leaves its eggs directly on the fruit. After 15 days, the caterpillar gnaws at the path to the pear seeds, lives and develops there, feeding on the seeds and leaving its excrement.
Pear flower beetle
Beetle larvae hibernate in the buds. In the spring they begin to eat, preventing them from blooming. To destroy the pest, it is necessary to cut off the kidneys that have an external defect.
Harvesting and storage
In the second half of August, the fruits are ready to eat. If the pear is properly cared for, it will bear 50 kg of fruit. Collect fruits carefully, especially if they are intended for long-term storage. The storage room temperature should be 0 ° C. Humidity is not more than 70%. The pears are put in wooden containers and sprinkled with sawdust or covered with newspapers.
Pear Chizhovskaya is the best option for growing in the garden. Summer residents cultivate it thanks to the positive qualities that the tree is not deprived of.
