Description and characteristics of the Talgarskaya Krasavitsa pear variety, planting and care
Specialists of the Kazakh Institute of Horticulture worked on the breeding of the Talgark pear. When pollinating the seeds of the Forest Beauty, breeders used several varieties of the crop. All of them had excellent technical characteristics, which were passed on to the Talgar Beauty pear. Low fruit trees began to be grown in the North Caucasus, cultivated in the Stavropol Territory and some areas of the Central Black Earth Region.
Content
- 1 Description and characteristics of the variety
- 2 Advantages and disadvantages of Talgar Krasavitsa pear
- 3 Reproduction methods
- 4 How to plant a plant correctly?
- 5 Talgar Beauty Care
- 6 Trimming
- 7 Diseases and pests
- 8 Insect pests and control
- 9 Ripening period and harvest
- 10 Which regions is the variety more adapted to
Description and characteristics of the variety
Pear Talgarka or Almaatinka has a dense pyramidal crown, medium height. The main shoots extend from the peeling trunk, which has a gray tint, at right angles. Flexible and even branches are covered with leaves:
- dark green color;
- oblong shape;
- serrated at the edges.
In the second decade of May, large white flowers appear on the pear. The buds are cone-like; an ovary is formed on the ringed branches. The fruits ripen in September. The tree gives its first fruit at the age of 4 years.
The bottle-shaped pear is covered with a glossy skin and decorated with a scarlet blush on the south side. Small green dots can be seen under the skin.
Fruits weigh 150-160 g, the weight of some specimens is close to 250. When ripe, the dense crispy pulp is poured with juice, acquires a creamy color, a pleasant sweet taste, which is estimated at 4.6 points.
Pear Talgar Beauty is rich in:
- sugars;
- vitamin C;
- organic acids.
The fruits are held on a curved stalk, so many of them are tied that the branches of the tree bend to the ground.
Pollination varieties
In order for the Talgar Beauty to give a good harvest, other pears should be planted next to it, which are self-fertile.
Pollinating varieties
When Almaatinka was bred by specialists of the Kazakh research institute, the seeds of the Forest Beauty were crossed with the seed of other pears. They can be used as a pollinator. The medium-sized Hoverla tree forms a compact crown, perfectly coexists with other plants, and is not affected by fungal diseases.
An unpretentious self-fertile variety Conference has high technical characteristics, blooms at the same time as Talgarskaya Krasavitsa. Good pollinators for Almaatinka are Lyubimitsa Kappa and Kucheryanka.
Tree height
The pear, which has a wide crown with hanging branches, belongs to the medium-sized varieties of culture. Despite the fact that the height of the tree barely reaches 3 meters, it pleases with a stable good harvest.
Life span
Like any other fruit crop, the Talgar Beauty must be looked after - cut off in a timely manner, remove dried branches, water in the heat, prevent the development of diseases and the invasion of pests. And then the tree will live not 10, but about 30 years, will delight you with an abundance of large and sweet pears.
Winter hardiness
Talgar Beauty departs after frosts from 25 to 30 ° C, but if they do not last for a long time. The pear is grown in the southern regions, it bears fruit in the suburbs.
Yield
Talgar Krasavitsa is cultivated on an industrial basis, up to 20 tons of fruits are harvested from 1 hectare annually, up to 6 buckets of pears ripen on one medium-sized tree.
Cyclic fruiting
Talgar Beauty awards fruit every autumn, provided that at least one pollinator grows nearby. The first pears appear on the ringed branches of a 4 or 5 year old seedling, and their number increases with each season. And only from the 20th, there is sometimes a cyclicity in fruiting, but with good care, prevention of diseases and pests on an adult tree, fruits are tied and ripen every autumn.
Self-fertility
Talgar Beauty blooms profusely in spring, but in order to get a high yield, you need to plant other trees of this culture next to it, which serve as a pollinator. The pear variety bred at the Kazakh Research Institute is self-fertile.
Disease resistance
Talgar Beauty has good immunity. The tree is rarely affected by bacteria and fungi, practically does not suffer from scab. It is not often necessary to spray a plant with insecticides from pests.
Advantages and disadvantages of Talgar Krasavitsa pear
The autumn ripening variety, bred in Kazakhstan, has adopted the best technical characteristics from the closest relatives.
Its advantages include:
- excellent productivity;
- resistance to drought and frost;
- the presence of immunity to scab;
- regular fruiting.
Pears have a pleasant taste, do not deteriorate for a long time, do not lose their presentation when transported over long distances.
The disadvantages of the variety include the need for pollinator placement. When overripe, the pulp of the fruit acquires a brown hue.
Reproduction methods
You can dilute a pear in the country by a vegetative method - with buds, air layers, seeds. But with the latter option, the seedlings develop poorly, it is difficult to get a good harvest.
Cuttings
Many gardeners for the reproduction of the Talgar Beauty harvest green branches, process them in a growth stimulant solution. When the roots are formed, the shoots are planted in the ground. In mid-latitudes, pear cuttings are harvested in summer from healthy and fruit-bearing trees.
Air layering
With this method of reproduction in a young plant, the lower branch is bent, sprinkled with soil. Since the shoots of the Talgar Beauty are located high, a bag with soil is attached to the shoot. The air layers are nursed for 2 years, although the roots appear in the first season, but they are still too weak, require regular watering, mulching, and shelter for the winter.
How to plant a plant correctly?
In order for a pear to quickly begin and develop well, you need to comply with the basic requirements, be sure to determine the optimal place where it will grow.
How to choose a seedling
The tree of the Talgar Beauty is best purchased in the nursery. The thickness of the trunk should be about 1 cm. Pears 1 or 2 years old, from 1.2 to one and a half meters high, take root well. You do not need to buy a plant whose roots are covered with growths and the bark is wrinkled.
Choosing a place and time for boarding
Talgar Beauty loves loams, takes root well on sandy loam soil with neutral or low acidity. Peatlands, areas where groundwater are located closer than 2 meters from the surface, are not suitable for growing pears. Fruit crops need a lot of sun.
In mid-latitudes, the pear can be planted in April and September so that it has time to harden before winter. In the southern regions, hot and dry weather begins early, the best time for such work is October.
Digging a landing hole
Having picked up a plot for a pear, you need to prepare a hole a meter wide to a depth of 50 cm. The soil is removed in layers and fertilizer is applied. The top fertile soil must be mixed with compost, sand, superphosphate and potassium salt added.
It is worth digging a hole 3 weeks before the intended placement of the plant, loosen it well, make notches on the sides. This promotes better air flow. Pebbles, brick chips are poured onto the bottom of the hole, creating a drainage layer.
Pear planting technology
Before the procedure, the roots of the tree are soaked in water, and then dipped in a clay mash for a few minutes, dry shoots are cut using a pruner. Landing is done in several stages:
- A peg made of wood is driven into the pit, approximately 10-15 cm from its middle.
- A fertile layer of earth is poured into a mound at the bottom.
- The pear is placed in the hole, leaving the root collar 30 mm above the surface.
- Pour the soil, making sure that no voids appear.
After planting, the soil must be carefully tamped, a trench is dug around the seedling and 3 buckets of water are poured, covered with humus or peat. The tree is tied to a support.
Talgar Beauty Care
In order for the pear to take root well and delight with the fruits, after planting, you need to take care of it - cut it off in time, carry out disease prevention, do not forget about dressing.
Irrigation intensity
In order for the seedling to receive the required amount of moisture, grooves are dug around it, along which water will be supplied. After the end of watering, they are covered with mulch. The soil must be moistened to a depth of half a meter. A rotating spray system can also be installed. An adult Talgar Beauty must be watered when it fades and at the end of autumn.
Top dressing
After planting, the tree has enough nutrients. The next year, mineral complexes are already introduced into the holes, every three years the pear is fertilized with organic matter. After flowering, Talgar Beauty is sprayed with a solution that is prepared from 20 g of carbamide and a bucket of water.
Trimming
In order for the pear to grow and develop well, starting from the age of two, shoots that go inside the trunk are removed, dried and diseased branches are removed.
Crown formation
To regulate the strength of growth, accelerate the fruiting period of the crop, they resort to several types of pruning of young plants, old trees rejuvenate. The crown is formed in the early years of the pear's life from the central trunk, 6 shoots of the first order, 8 - the second and fruit branches. In the southern regions, a round type of crown is common, in other regions it is sparse-tiered.
Regulatory
This type of pruning is performed in order to prevent overloading of wood, eliminate thickening of the pear, and improve the light regime. It starts with the removal of dried and damaged branches. In young, neglected trees, the crown is thinned, in adult plants, shoots that have gone beyond its limits are shortened.
Supportive
So that the Talgar Beauty is not overloaded with fruits, does not bend to the ground, large branches are regularly cut off. This procedure helps to keep the pear in good condition for a long time.
Sanitary
Every year, gardeners and summer residents remove dry shoots affected by pests and diseases. Control pruning allows you to accelerate the growth and development of the tree, improve its yield. Old pears can also be revived.
Trimming rules
Knowledgeable gardeners do not recommend forming the crown, shortening the shoots in the fall so that the Targar Beauty does not freeze. The procedure should be started in early spring, when the thermometer leaves behind the + 4 ° C mark, it is necessary to finish the work before bud break. You cannot cut the branches of a pear in the summer, it will weaken, the life cycle will be disrupted.
Preparing for winter
Although the Talgar Beauty can withstand frost, the trunk and skeletal shoots of a young tree are wrapped with material that allows air to pass through. The roots are covered with needles, peat or compost with a layer of not less than 15 cm. For the winter, an adult pear is removed from dried branches and the trunk is whitewashed.
Diseases and pests
Talgar Beauty does not suffer from scab, it has good immunity to bacterial infection. However, the lack of proper tree care, rainy and damp weather provoke the activation of fungi and viruses.
Characteristic diseases of pear
Most often, the Talgar Beauty is affected by cytosporosis, when the bark dries up, and rust, which begins with the appearance of red spots.
To prevent the occurrence of diseases:
- Fallen leaves and mummified fruits are collected and burned.
- When digging, the earth is treated with drugs for fungi.
- Slices are smeared with garden pitch.
- Twice during the growing season, pears are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, and in early spring - with "Nitrafen".
When signs of cytosporosis appear, infected areas are cut to healthy tissues. All dry branches are removed.
Insect pests and control
The seeds of the Talgar Beauty are attracted by the pear moth to get to the bones, the larva gnaws at the passages, and the fruits quickly deteriorate. During the summer of butterflies, trapping belts are put on the tree. For the winter, they carefully dig up the ground in the near-trunk circle, after the flowers fall off, the pear is sprayed with the preparation "Agravertin".
The tubovert infects the leaves of the plant, laying eggs in them. You can cope with it by treating trees with solutions of "Aktara", "Decis", "Calypso".
Ripening period and harvest
The pear of Kazakh selection belongs to the late varieties of the culture. The fruits ripen in September. They are torn off with their hands in a slightly unripe form, taken to a cellar or basement, and put in boxes. Fruits do not spoil until the New Year, and they lie until February.
Which regions is the variety more adapted to
Although Talgar Beauty can withstand frost, it is best adapted to the climate of the southern regions. On an industrial basis, the variety is cultivated in the Stavropol Territory, Krasnodar Territory. The pear is grown in the Central Black Earth region, in the north it does not take root, just like in Siberia.
