Description and characteristics of strawberry varieties Maryshka, cultivation and reproduction
Breeders in Holland, Russia, Italy and other countries are constantly developing new varieties of strawberries. The fruits of the plant are rich in vitamins and microelements and are valued not only for their delicate aroma, amazing taste, but also for their unique properties. Berries serve as an antioxidant, prevent cell aging, and improve vision. Many gardeners continue to grow Maryshka strawberries, although, unlike the remontant varieties that have appeared, she gives one harvest per season, but the fruits are larger.
Description of strawberries
Maryshka's garden strawberries were first grown in their homeland in the Czech Republic, but the variety quickly gained popularity in many European countries. Compact, low bushes give a stable harvest of berries weighing about 50 g. Fruits ripen together, when ripe they acquire a dark red hue and glossy shine.
Strawberry pleases:
- excellent taste;
- delicate garden scent;
- dense texture.
Peduncles do not hide under the leaves, the berries grow in the form of bunches, do not touch the ground, do not get dirty, do not rot, ripen in the second decade of June. It is convenient to pick the fruits because they are located at the top. Strawberries can be transported over a long distance, dense berries do not lose their presentation, do not let juice.
Characteristics of the variety
Up to 500 g of fruits of various shapes are harvested from one Maryshka bush, about 2 kg from a square meter. Strawberries have strong roots that do not rot. The plant rarely suffers from diseases, withstands extreme heat, normally tolerates frost.
Positive and negative sides of garden strawberries
Farmers became interested in the description of Maryshka strawberries, since berries with a dense texture can be grown on an industrial basis and sold not only in the neighboring region, but also in another country. The variety has a lot of advantages, including:
- high productivity;
- resistance to adverse conditions;
- friendly ripening of fruits;
- aroma of wild strawberries;
- the presence of immunity to certain diseases.
It cannot be called a minus of strawberries that the berries are harvested once a season, since it does not belong to the remontant variety. The plant lets out a lot of whiskers, which are excellent planting material, but the extra ones have to be constantly cut off.In addition to the positive aspects, the variety also has disadvantages - the lack of resistance to frost.
The subtleties of growing strawberries Maryshka
Garden strawberries, created in the Czech Republic, are considered unpretentious to care, but in order to consistently collect a high yield of large berries, you need to comply with the requirements of agricultural technology and study the features of cultivation.
Seedling selection
To prevent strawberries from withering, not suffering from diseases, it is necessary to choose a healthy mustache or purchase bushes with strong roots with a neck larger than 0.6 cm.On the seedlings with twisted leaves covered with whitish spots, you must refuse, because if they are accepted, then for the harvest not worth counting. The plant should have a juicy dark green hue.
Choosing a site for planting
Although strawberries take root in the shade, they adore an open, well-lit place. Strawberries cannot be grown near shrubs and trees. Sweet and large berries ripen only in the sun. It is not recommended to place seedlings next to tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, which suffer from fungal diseases. Infection from such crops is transmitted to different types of plants.
Strawberry roots are affected by gray rot in waterlogged soil. Before planting bushes in a place where water comes close to the surface, they fill in the earth or make a drainage layer.
How to prepare the soil
The strawberry variety Maryshka feels comfortable on fertile soils, grows normally on loams with low acidity. Before spring planting in October, they dig up the ground and 1 sq. square meter contribute:
- humus - 5 kg;
- superphosphate - 3 tablespoons;
- potassium chloride - 20 grams.
The plot is prepared in April or May, fertilized with organic matter if strawberries are planted in autumn. During the growing season, the bushes grow strongly, so a distance of 30 cm is left between them.
How and when to plant
In the southern regions, spring passes quickly, following the not very warm April, the heat immediately begins. Young strawberry bushes planted at this time do not have time to take root, dry out from the heat and die. Autumn in the southern regions lasts a long time, and the bushes are well accepted, they winter normally.
In temperate climates, it is better to send strawberry seedlings into the ground in spring, in summer the first berries will ripen. Strawberries will put on a mustache, by the fall they will form rosettes that can already be placed in the soil.
In the northern regions, strawberries are planted at the end of July and throughout the first decade of August, but the Maryshka variety does not take root in these regions, does not grow either in Siberia or the Urals.
Before the procedure, half a glass of salt and 1 teaspoon of copper sulfate are dissolved in a bucket of water. A strawberry bush with leaves and roots is lowered into the prepared composition for a quarter of an hour.
Maryshka's seedlings are placed every 30 cm, a distance of 06-0.7 m is made between the rows.
First, they dig holes, then a bush is lowered into them, sprinkled with earth, without straightening the root, the rosette is left above the soil surface. The soil is watered and covered with peat or humus.
Strawberries are planted in rows, bushes, nests, when placed in one hole up to 7 plants.
Crop care rules
The Maryshka variety pleases with a high yield, large and sweet berries only for gardeners who carefully care for the plants.
Soil and fertilizer
Organic matter and mineral complexes are introduced during the preparation of the site, the planted bushes are fed only in the second year with a solution of mullein or bird droppings in a ratio of 1 to 5 and 1:20 to water.
Strawberries are fertilized every spring, in the south it is done in the first decade of March, in mid-latitudes by the end of the month - in early April. To strengthen the stems, accelerate the development of the kidneys, improve the formation of the ovary, the bushes are sprayed with a special compound. For its preparation, 2 g of potassium permanganate, boric acid, 20 ml of iodine, 2 tablespoons of fertilizer for berry crops are dissolved in a bucket of warm water.The second time foliar feeding is carried out before the appearance of flowers.
Carefully add substances containing nitrogen under the strawberries. With a lack of this component, the leaves brighten, tasteless and small berries ripen, with an excess, the fruits rot.
Watering and moisture
The Maryshka variety does not tolerate drought well. The first days after planting, the bushes are irrigated every day. If the weather is cool and the strawberries take root, the amount of watering is reduced to once a week. In the heat, the plant will need more moisture. When it rains, irrigation is stopped to prevent the roots from rotting. Water for irrigation is harvested in barrels, where it is heated and settled.
Loosening and weeding
In March or early April, rotten and dried leaves and stems are removed from the strawberry garden and burned, in which insect larvae and fungal spores winter. The first weeds are pulled out well by hand. After watering and fertilizing in dry weather, you need to gently loosen the ground, trying not to catch the roots. The bushes should not be hilled; it is better to make small holes in the ground through which air can pass. Weeds should be removed as soon as they reappear.
Mulching
After fertilization and irrigation, the soil under the strawberry bushes Maryshka is covered with peat, straw, agrofibre or sawdust. Thanks to mulching:
- Evaporation of water slows down.
- Weeds grow less.
- The berries do not get dirty on the ground and sand.
Both organic matter and agrospan retain moisture, accelerate the ripening of fruits. The covering material protects the roots from hypothermia.
Relation to temperature
Strawberry Maryshka is not resistant to severe frosts, but grows well in mid-latitudes, in the south it requires private watering, but tolerates heat better than cold.
Protection against diseases and pests
A variety of garden strawberries, created in the Czech Republic, is immune to viruses and bacteria, but is affected by a fungal infection. To prevent the multiplication of these microorganisms, soaking the seedlings in a composition, for the preparation of which 5 g of copper sulfate and 25 g of soda are dissolved in a bucket of water, helps.
With an excess of moisture in the ground, combined with damp weather, root rot develops. To prevent the disease, strawberries are sprayed with fungicides.
The variety Maryshka suffers:
- from whitefly larvae;
- strawberry beetle;
- weevil.
To protect the plant from parasites use "Karbofos". Bushes are treated with this product in dry and cool weather.
Propagation of strawberries
Strawberry plantings are renewed in 3-5 years, as the plants age, the yield falls, the berries decrease. For breeding the Maryshka variety, 2 methods are most often used.
Mustache
When strawberries bloom, which is usually observed in May, the vegetative buds swell and form several branches called whiskers. For reproduction in the strongest young bushes, the first rosettes are chosen, all that will still appear are removed. In July, 2 or 3 processes are sprinkled with earth, watered, weeded, the soil near them is loosened.
In August, the mustache is cut off, and the rooted bushes are planted in a new place every 30–40 cm, an interval of 60 cm is made between the rows. The bed is watered abundantly, after a week fertilized with a weak solution of bird droppings. In autumn, the seedlings are covered with needles.
By dividing the bush
If there are not enough whiskers for the propagation of strawberries, they dig out a fruiting plant no older than 4 years. With a well-sharpened knife, the bush is divided into several shoots, which should have 3 leaves and a root. Each part is planted in the ground.
Possible growing difficulties
Summer residents usually do not have special problems with the Maryshka variety. Strawberries quickly take root, with normal care they do not suffer from diseases and insect infestations. Novice gardeners sometimes water the plants incorrectly, the bushes should not experience both a lack and an excess of moisture.In the first case, the fruits become smaller, in the second, the roots rot.
Harvesting and storage
Strawberries should be picked a day or two before they are fully ripe. The berries are picked together with the tails and folded in one layer in a basket or box, which is covered with paper or a cloth napkin. Due to its dense texture, Maryshka strawberries are stored in a glass jar in the refrigerator for a whole week. Berries are best frozen or used for making compotes and jams.
