Description and characteristics of the gooseberry variety Chernomor, planting and care
Self-pollinated, outwardly similar to the date gooseberry Chernomor, confidently holds its position in the market, the berry is also called the northern grape. He was taken out on the basis of the IV Michurin All-Russian Research Institute. The biological material was taken from the varieties Date, Brazilian, Green Bottle, Maurera Seedling. Growing Chernomor gooseberries does not cause any particular difficulties, the main thing is to know its strengths and weaknesses, the basic rules of planting and care.
General information about the gooseberry Chernomor
The berry culture belongs to the middle late varieties. The bush is positioned as vigorous, its height is 1.5 meters, the tendency to spreading is weak, the crown is dense, and the branches are upright. The shoots are distinguished by a slightly overhanging top, light green color and lack of pubescence. Over time, they become light.
Gooseberry Chernomor has low prickling, single spines and directed downwards. Light buds without pubescence grow medium in size. The leaf mass of the shrub has a dark green color, each plate is divided into 5 lobes. When the flowering phase begins, the Chernomor gooseberry has medium-sized, elongated, bright-colored flowers.
The berries are small, their average weight is 3 grams. At the stage of technical ripeness, their color is dark red, but after a while it changes to black. Consumer characteristics of the Chernomor gooseberry are high: the taste is pleasant, harmonious, sweet and sour, and the aroma is pronounced. The skin is of medium thickness, firm, weakly branched veins are almost invisible.
Chemical composition: indicators of sugar content are in the range of 8.4-12.2%, acidity 1.7-2.5%. The content of ascorbic acid per 100 grams of product is 29.3 milligrams.
Main positive and negative aspects
Experienced gardeners note the following advantages of the Chernomor gooseberry when growing:
- early maturity;
- high taste;
- a universal way of using the crop;
- a sufficient degree of transportability of berries over long distances;
- resistance to dry weather;
- not afraid of harsh winters;
- increased immunity to powdery mildew, the main pests (moth);
- weak prickling;
- does not cause difficulties in cultivation;
- ease of cultivation by layering, green cuttings.
But despite the whole list of advantages, the Chernomor gooseberry variety has its own drawback:
- average fruit size.
This only disadvantage of the berry culture is fully compensated by the excellent taste and abundance of the harvest.On average, 3.1-4.0 kilograms of excellent fruits can be collected from one bush.
Features of growing varieties
According to the description, the Chernomor gooseberry is not a demanding plant for growing conditions. But to obtain the desired results, you should adhere to a specific growing algorithm.
Seat selection
Gooseberry Chernomor, like other varieties of this berry crop, prefers to grow in areas with a sufficient level of illumination and protection from through winds. It is not recommended to choose glades, shaded or with a close occurrence of groundwater (from 1.5 meters).
If Chernomor gooseberries are planted in an area with high soil moisture, then there is a high probability of the development of putrefactive processes on the root system of planted gooseberry seedlings. Optimal terms for planting operations: late September-early October.
Soil composition
It is possible to grow Chernomor gooseberries on almost all types of soil: sandy, washed off clay, sod-podzolic. Good indicators of the productivity of the variety are observed when it is cultivated on peat soils. But it is best to break up the plantation on forest-steppe and gray forest-steppe soils, medium and light loams.
On them, the Chernomor gooseberry bushes grow strong, hardy in relation to adverse environmental factors, with a long lifespan.
It is also possible to plant Chernomor gooseberries on depleted soils, but first you need to add old organic humus from compost manure to it. Thanks to natural fertilizers, the structure of the soil improves, the degree of fertility increases.
Hole preparation
Before planting seedlings, it is necessary to remove all weeds from the site, especially, you should pay attention to wheatgrass and sow thistle. These plants are fast growing, and it will be extremely problematic to weed them out from under the bush in the future. Considering the spreading nature of the shrub and its height, plants should be placed at a distance of 1-1.5 from each other so that they do not experience either a lack of nutrition or moisture.
Soil for normal growth and development of gooseberries Chernomor is filled with the following nutrient compositions:
- compost or rotted manure (10 kilograms per garden planting);
- wood ash (100 grams);
- double superphosphate (50 grams);
- potassium sulfide (40 grams).
The dimensions of the landing holes are 30x40x40 centimeters.
Selection of seedlings
Before you purchase planting material, you must examine it for signs of disease, signs of damage, rot. The process of preparing seedlings involves pruning shoots up to 5 buds and removing dried roots. It is better to buy two years old with an open root system, which simplifies the choice of a quality plant.
If Chernomor gooseberries are sold in a pot, then their age can be any. The recommended length of leafy shoots is 40-50 centimeters, roots are abundant and white. The underground part of the bush should tightly braid the earthen lump. It is possible to plant such specimens 2-3 weeks after purchase.
Planting seedlings
It is recommended to treat the selected planting material with a growth stimulator. Its roots are immersed in the working solution for 10-15 minutes. Chernomor gooseberry planting technology involves the following actions:
- It is better to pour a layer of fertile soil into the hole in the form of a mound.
- Place the prepared seedling in the center of the pit.
- Spread out its roots and sprinkle gently with soil, slightly compacting it.
- Water abundantly, mulch the soil in the near-trunk circle with peat, rotted sawdust. Just dry soil will do.
- After 3-4 days, irrigation and mulching are repeated once more.
It is not necessary to deeply deepen the root collar of the Chernomor gooseberry, it is enough to determine it to a depth of 3-5 centimeters.
Culture care
The gooseberry variety Chernomor does not cause problems in the cultivation process, caring for it consists in performing basic agricultural techniques, including the organization of an irrigation system, removal of weeds, feeding, protection from pests and diseases.
Watering
In the dry season, gooseberry bushes should be moistened regularly, starting the procedure as the top layer of the soil dries up. It is necessary to pour water at the root, avoiding contact with the leaves of the culture. Otherwise, the likelihood of developing diseases is high. Sprinkling method does not work in this case.
Excessive moisture in the bite circle is as dangerous for the shrub as its deficiency. A lack of moisture in the soil should not be allowed, especially in spring at the stage of active vegetation of the plant and the formation of ovaries. In summer, the bushes are in dire need of water 2 weeks before the fruits reach their consumer maturity.
Fertilizers
In late April-early May, the soil under the bushes should be loosened to a depth of 6-8 centimeters, leveled and mulched with peat, humus at the rate of 10 kilograms per garden planting. And in the fall, dig up organic matter with a pitchfork. In the first 3 years, it is forbidden to use phosphorus and potassium compounds for feeding gooseberries, since these substances were laid in the hole even when the seedlings were planted. In the spring, you need to add urea in several stages: 15 grams - in early May, 10 grams - at the end of the flowering phase.
In the fourth year after planting the Chernomor gooseberry in a permanent place, a mixture of superphosphate (150 grams), potassium sulfate (40 grams), wood ash (200 grams) and organic matter (8-10 kilograms) should be added to the soil. Such feeding is done every 3-4 years.
Gooseberry shaping
The next year, after planting, 4-5 pieces of the strongest shoots are left on the bush, and the excess ones are removed completely. In the future, also choose 5 shoots that are well located. Branches at the age of 4-6 years are considered productive; specimens older than 7 years are cut out. Formative pruning is performed in the fall or before bud break.
Disease and pest control
Chernomor gooseberries are distinguished by increased immunity to major ailments. But in order to prevent it, it should be treated in the spring with a working solution based on Karbofos or ash infusion. If necessary, the manipulation is repeated again.
Breeding varieties
The variety reproduces well through horizontal layering. For these purposes, it is necessary to loosen the soil under the plant and enrich it with organic matter. Bend long and powerful shoots to the ground and fix with hooks. When vertical shoots are 10 centimeters long, they need to be spud and watered twice. In the fall, they are separated from the mother bush and planted.
Collection and storage of berries
If it is planned to transport the crop over long distances, then it is recommended to remove the fruits 2 days before they reach consumer maturity. In the case of fresh berries, they are harvested when they are fully ripe. Dry unripe fruits can be stored in a cool room for 3-4 days, and ripe ones - for 2 days.
Black Sea gooseberry is a highly productive and unpretentious plant. If you follow all the recommendations regarding its planting and care, you can harvest the maximum possible yield.
