Description and characteristics of the Ayam Tsemani chicken breed, conditions of detention
With bird breeding, everyone wants to try something different. At times there is a desire to show off to other poultry farmers incredible species that no one else has. In this case, they focus on the Ayam Tsemani chicken breed, which has an unusual description.
Origin version
The homeland of chickens is considered to be the Indonesian islands. The ancestors of modern Ayam Tsemani lived on the outskirts of the town of Solo in Java. As a result of crossing Banking jungle chickens and green jungle roosters, this breed was obtained.
Description and characteristics of Ayam Tsemani chickens
There are no chickens in the world that are at least somewhat similar to the Ayam Tsemani breed.
Bird appearance
Ayam Tsemani does not need to paint the plumage in certain parts of the body, which cannot be said about other species. The birds are completely black, right down to the brain. They have a classic shape inherent in all types of chickens.
The bird jumps well and runs fast. This feature is due to the structure of the paws and the developed lower leg. Roosters weigh up to 2.5 kg, and females reach from 1.5 to 2 kg.
Productivity and egg production
At home, Ayam Tsemani is considered an egg breed. Poultry farmers buy chickens for decorative purposes. Laying hens give from 80 to 100 eggs per year. If conditions continue to be favorable, the number of eggs increases to 120. Due to its small size, the chicken is unproductive from a “meat” point of view.
Ripening rate and ability to lay eggs
Chick growth and development are very slow. Suitable age for breeding:
- hens - from 6-8 months;
- roosters - 10 months.
Starting to lay closer to 8 months, hens give small eggs weighing 30-35 g. Over time, they increase to 50 g. The meat of young chickens is tasty, therefore poultry farmers artificially cause developmental delay in chicks.
Incubation instinct
In most cases, chickens are not too worried about the offspring. The collected eggs are placed in an incubator. Despite this, the survival rate of the bird ranges from 95 to 100%.
Advantages and disadvantages
The pluses include:
- originality of appearance;
- the taste of meat;
- resistance to many diseases.
Among the cons are:
- the high cost of newly hatched chicks;
- productivity;
- warming a chicken coop in cold regions.
Even if chickens are bought for decorative purposes, the pros and cons are necessarily studied to the same extent.
The nuances of maintenance and care
Due to their exoticism, chickens should not need anything. Care and maintenance is something without which a full-fledged breeding of the breed is impossible.
Arrangement of a chicken coop
Ayam Tsemani not only loves warmth, but also needs it. In winter, the air temperature in poultry houses should not go beyond + 15-20 degrees. If these values are not adhered to, problems arise.
If there is a little frost outside, the birds are not released. In the cold, they can freeze areas unprotected by plumage. Drafts are also dangerous for Ayam Tsemani.
The chicken breed is endowed with well-developed wings and legs. Thanks to this, they jump and take off at short distances. Therefore, it is recommended to install multi-tiered perches in the chicken coop.
The floor for chickens is covered with a bed of dry leaves, sawdust, peat, hay or straw. In winter, the layer thickness reaches 30 cm. Each new layer spreads over the previous one.
Preparing a walking yard
Ayams do not get along well with other birds, which is influenced by their temperament. Even after short-term maintenance, battles are guaranteed. Walking yards should contain a high fence. A suitable option is to cover the courtyard with a net.
Installation of feeders and drinkers
Autodrinkers are used for chicks. Thanks to their well thought out shape, they prevent them from getting wet and freezing. Also, the water remains completely clean. Chicks need fresh water, so it changes frequently. The same applies to feeders, opt for a metered one.
Adult chickens drink from a low and wide container. The feeders are made of wood. Partitions are installed on the surface of long and narrow devices so that the birds can eat freely without interfering with each other.
Molting and impact on egg production
The appearance of the birds testifies to the beginning of this period. They lose feathers and become shabby. On some parts of the body of chickens, bald patches appear.
Together with the onset of cold weather, the nesting of eggs stops. Some layers produce one egg per week. After molting, egg production gradually returns.
During the period of feather loss, fatty foods and vitamins are introduced into the diet. This allows chickens to tolerate molt without negative consequences..
Feeding the birds
Food for chicks and adult chickens is different.
Adults
The rules are as follows:
- Industrial compound feed is an excellent basis for a daily menu. Exotic chickens love corn, wheat, and other grains.
- Birds also love wet mash. Vitamins and mineral supplements are added to them.
- At times, the bird is pampered with worms and various insects. Thanks to this technique, the taste of the meat is improved.
- Fish oil has a great effect on the beauty of the plumage of chickens. They become shiny. It also improves health.
- In the cold season, birds should have fresh vegetables and hay in their diet. This will replace the bird taking in fresh weed.
Sprouted grain is poured into the feeders. Food is considered a great alternative to green food. It is added to the diet of chickens in autumn and winter.
Chicks
In the first week, the chicks are fed a mixture of chopped greens, boiled eggs and cereals. Low-fat cottage cheese is often included instead of grains. New products are gradually being added.
At the age of one month, protein mixtures are added to food. Maggots are an excellent addition to food. But they give them after the birds are 4 weeks old.
Young animals need vitamins, so they are given systematically. Vitamins in liquid form are welcome. To do this, each bird is caught, and a little liquid is poured into the beak.
Breeding subtleties
Healthy and strong young growth is obtained if a person follows all breeding conditions.
Mating nuances
For every 5 hens, there should be one rooster. This option of keeping allows you to get a high percentage of egg fertilization. If conditions are favorable, black chicks will hatch.
Incubation period
Hens do not take care of the offspring, refusing to incubate eggs, but with hatching to care for the chickens. Therefore, the incubation process is carried out artificially. After 3 weeks, chicks are born.
Care of young offspring
Birds that were recently born need warmth. In the first two weeks, the temperature is maintained in the range of 26-30 degrees. Grown up and matured chicks must adapt to environmental conditions. Therefore, the temperature gradually decreases.
Planned herd replacement
Grown chickens and roosters are slaughtered at will. The person independently determines this. At the same time, they remember that with reaching the age of three, the taste of bird meat changes for the worse.
Diseases and methods of their treatment
Ayam Tsemani received a strong immune system that is resistant to many diseases. Chickens do not get sick with infectious and viral diseases. Ayam Tsemani is not afraid of bird flu, as he is immune to it.
Aymeriosis
Parasites are the cause of serious health problems. It is the protozoa in the body of chickens that cause such a disease as eimeriosis. Birds lose their appetite, try to drink as much liquid as possible, and lose weight quickly.
The bird has diarrhea with a whitish-green liquid. Feces contaminates the feathers that surround the cloaca. Over time, the secreted fluid turns brown, streaked with mucus and blood.
Chicken is treated with strong antibiotics. Simultaneously with medications, probiotics are taken to restore the natural microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. In order not to face this disease, prevention is carried out. The bird house is regularly cleaned and disinfected. By avoiding malnutrition, dampness and crowding, the disease will not disturb the offspring..
Marek's disease
The symptoms of the disease cannot be confused with others. In birds, paralysis of the limbs is observed, and they become immobile. Anxiety of birds and an unnatural gait indicate the initial signs of the disease. In the acute course of the disease, blindness occurs.
The older the chicken, the more susceptible it is to this disease. In sick layers, tumors are found in the internal organs. There is no cure for the disease, therefore birds are vaccinated at one day of age. Re-vaccination is carried out 10 days after the first, and the third at the age of 3 weeks.
