Description and characteristics of soybean varieties in Russia and in the world, ultra-early maturing and high-yielding
When planting a personal or suburban area, it is not necessary to give it to one species - potatoes, tomatoes or flowers. It is possible to fill the area with different plants using a reasonable combination of beneficial crops. The choice of seeds and sowing material based on the collected and processed information will avoid the typical mistakes of novice amateur gardeners. And this material will help to understand the variety of varieties of garden soybeans.
Description of the plant
Soy is an annual herb, sometimes referred to as soybeans (cultivated and eaten). It is cultivated everywhere, in different parts of the world. It has the following characteristics, which explain its high popularity:
- good productivity;
- high percentage of protein;
- trace elements and vitamins;
- use as a remedy (for osteoporosis).
In addition, soybeans are used to prepare various dishes (and as a substitute for meat or milk), they are also used to feed animals.
Early soybean varieties
Not surprisingly, in 9 cases out of 10, when choosing a variety, preference will be given to the early one. Fast planting and ripening guarantee the release of the land for sowing with another crop, which means that they increase the efficiency of using the allotment.
One of the most ultra-early ripening species - Bilyavka - matures in about 80 days, rising almost a meter in height and bringing large beans with a dense structure. The next variety - Annushka - ripens in 85 days, grows to a level of 110 centimeters. Anastasia is distinguished by an increased yield, the beans of this type grow in 95 days (sometimes earlier). Other early varieties are known to agronomists as Alliance, Sandra, Smuglyanka and Mavka.
High-yielding soybeans
High-yielding, that is, especially plentifully fruiting, varieties constitute a separate category - by planting them, farmers will receive a guaranteed stable result in the form of a large number of large, strong beans. It is important that through the efforts of breeders, these species have acquired another indicator - unpretentiousness in cultivation. These varieties include:
- Vilana;
- Lyre;
- Slavia;
- Chara.
Important. Soybean yield potential is from 2 to 5.7 tons per hectare, each seed will contain up to 40% protein and 23% oil. The height of the stems of an adult plant is, on average, about 140 centimeters, the rows of the lower beans begin at the level of 14-15 centimeters from the ground.
Soybean varieties in Russia
Unfortunately, not all soybeans grow on the territory of the Russian Federation due to the large variation in climatic zones and regions.At the same time, there are species that perfectly retain their characteristics in the conditions of central Russia. These are Amur varieties, Oressa, as well as Annushka, Vilana, Lantsentnaya, Belgorodskaya.
Specialized centers (there are about 15 of them) are engaged in breeding Russian soybeans; they develop species for the Far East, Siberia, the Urals, and the northern regions. The description of the whole variety of created varieties will take too long a period of time, these include Lyra with a vegetative period of up to 96 days, high-yielding Vilana, as well as Lika and Chara exceeding it in this indicator (up to 3 tons of beans per hectare).
In the Krasnodar Territory and the Caucasus region, the variety of Lyra beans takes root perfectly: full ripening occurs in 90-100 days, the plant is not sensitive to a lack of heat, and it resists drought well.
Beans of a characteristic yellow color reach ripeness in mid-August, almost not susceptible to the usual diseases of such crops.
In the Far East, early ripening Soer-1 and Samer-3 are grown, their seeds have a large amount of protein, and can remain on the stem for up to 25 days. There are specially bred early legumes that are not susceptible to lodging and pests, which increases the use of soybeans, from edible to forage varieties, for animal rearing and industrial processing.
Such a wide choice allows you to find your "desired" species, with deliberately certain indicators and guaranteed yield.
What is the best soybean variety?
The choice of a particular variety is associated with several factors:
- The climatic zone in which the crop will be grown.
- Yield requirements (medium, high, not important).
- The growing season.
- Additional terms.
According to the first indicator, the spread is large - from the Rostov region, the Caucasus, with their relatively mild climate, to Siberia and the Urals, which are characterized by cold winters and not very hot summers. Modern types of beans (Altom or SibNIIK 315) take root comfortably in the southern part of the West Siberian region, moreover, they belong to the early ones.
The ability to bear fruit (yield) is not always combined with frost resistance or taste; it is no coincidence that this indicator is a separate item. High-yielding species (Annushka) often have good disease resistance and are among the best among hybrid crops.
Of the early crops, Dione, Harmony or Okskaya are recommended - their growing season does not exceed 85 days, species with an average ripening capacity (Currency, Medea) ripen in 95 days, later (Liana, Danae) bear fruit in 110 days. Additional conditions include drought tolerance, the ability to grow over a long period without shedding (up to 25 days), and so on. And already, taking into account their own preferences, they choose a soybean variety with the required indicators.
