Treatment and prevention of fusarium wilt of tomatoes
If you are sure that there is a fusarium wilt of tomatoes on your site, treatment must be carried out as soon as possible, otherwise the crop can be completely lost. The cause of fusarium wilt or just fusarium is the development of the Fusarium fungus inside the vascular system of tomato plants. Blocking the conducting system of a plant will inevitably lead to its death, so it is important to be attentive to the plants in your garden, and if necessary, take urgent measures.
Identification of fusarium
The disease is identified by yellowing lower leaves with whitish veins, then dark spots appear on them... The upper leaves look wilting, twisted, the plants are inhibited. On the cut, the vessels are hard and brown. Fusarium must be distinguished from late blight, which is manifested by the blackening of the fruit, first of all, and then the leaves. In general, late blight occurs more often in open ground, and fusarium - in greenhouses.
Prevention of fusarium
The fungus spreads easily when pinching indeterminate tomatoes. Disputes are present in greenhouse and garden soils if crop circulation is not observed. The disease can appear on the site if the soil is treated with a tool (hoes, shovels, rakes), on which there are particles of contaminated soil. A special development of the disease occurs in wet and warm weather, with significant amplitudes of day and night temperatures, in thickened plantings of tomatoes. The smallest spores of the fungus may be present on tomato seeds.
In this regard, the following preventive measures should be observed:
- Observe the crop rotation. Do not grow tomatoes in one place, they can be returned no earlier than after 3 years. Do not plant tomatoes after peppers, eggplants, potatoes. The best predecessors are plants from the legume family, pumpkin, cabbage, and haze.
- Burn tomato tops at the end of the season.
- Dig deep into the soil in the garden in the autumn.
- Disinfect the instrument with disinfectants before each use, including pinching scissors.
- Steam the soil in the greenhouse and before sowing seedlings. Watering the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate is effective.
- To obtain seedlings, sow disinfected seeds. For this, a solution of potassium permanganate is used - the seeds are soaked for 20 minutes, the seeds are heated at 50 aboutFrom 15-20 minutes.
- Remove lower leaves with signs of disease on plants.
- In the greenhouse, maintain an even relative air humidity at the level of 60-70%, without jumps in one direction or another.
Treatment of fusarium with chemical agents
Fusarium of tomatoes is easy to defeat with the help of well-known chemicals, and modern fungicides all the more show very high activity against the Fusarium fungus. Let us analyze chemicals from simple to complex:
- boric acid - 1 tsp. powder is dissolved in a bucket of water. The solution is poured over the plants at the root;
- lime - in the fall, add 100 g of lime per 1 m2;
- Trichodermin is a biofungicide effective against a variety of fungal plant diseases. Its analogue is Glyocladin. Trichodermin can be added to the soil as a powder before planting seedlings, or the soil can be spilled with a solution of this drug. Vegetable plants can be sprayed every two weeks. In addition to Trichodermin and Glyocladin, biofungicides Fitosporin M and Alirin B, Baktofit, Gamair, Pseudobacterin-2, Sternifag, Trichoderma Veride are effective;
- Quadris is a highly effective fungicide against a complex of mushroom diseases of tomatoes open and protected ground;
- Optimo is a highly effective modern drug against the rot complex;
- Previkur Energy - watered under each bush with a 0.15% solution of the drug;
- Bayleton - spray diseased plants, observing a waiting period of up to 20 days - do not spray in a period less than 20 days before harvest;
Treatment of fusarium with folk remedies
Ash helps to cope with fusarium. It is good to mix ash with colloidal sulfur and apply to the soil after harvesting and removing the tomato tops in September. Other folk remedies for spraying tomatoes:
- for 1 liter of milk, take 25 g of grated laundry soap and 35 drops of iodine solution;
- chop the head of garlic with a knife or on a grater, pour 1 liter of warm water, insist one day. The infusion is added with water up to 10 liters;
- 1 glass of wood ash is poured into 2 liters of water, 1 tbsp. l. grated laundry soap. Insist the mixture for two days;
- for 7 parts of water, take 1 part of warm milk whey, spray without insisting;
- watering and spraying plants with a decoction of onion peels.
In addition to spraying and preventive measures, the application of liquid fertilizer "Effekton-O" helps to cope with fusarium.
Fusarium-resistant tomato varieties
Modern achievements of breeders have made significant progress in overcoming fusarium at the genetic level, they should not be neglected. Selective selection has helped to select lines that show natural resistance against attack by the fungus Fusarium. Currently, the following varieties have been entered into the state register, showing high resistance to fusarium:
- for open ground: Bobkat, Aggressor, Azhlun, Biathlon, Izobilny, Imran, Iskander, Kalista, Red Style, Kendras, Lapillo, Sir Elian;
- for indoor areas: Aramis, Ashdod, Belogorskaya cream, Graceful, Ingrit, Intuition, Campari, Rihanna, Eigen.
Thus, the fusarium wilting of tomatoes is necessary and possible to treat, but it is better to use a set of preventive measures and prevent the development of the disease. Careful attention to plants will help avoid disease problems.
The use of folk remedies is generally preferable to the use of highly effective chemicals. Folk remedies can be used often and without regard to the timing of harvesting - this is their main advantage over chemical preparations. However, if the disease is large-scale, treatment with a highly effective chemical agent is necessary.
