Description of varieties of spray roses, rules for planting and care in the open field
The correct bush cultivation of roses worries not only those who deal with flowers professionally, for sale. Concrete tips will be useful to everyone - both amateurs and just enthusiasts. A distant relative of the wild rose, this species has long become independent. Outwardly unpretentious, a rose bush when planted in open ground needs care. And how to propagate a bush rose so that it grows and develops is a great mystery.
General description of colors
Reproduction of a spray rose in a garden is a fun, exciting experience. The size and shape of plant buds vary widely. The rose bush grows in breadth, scattering lateral branches to the sides, or upward, maintaining a pyramidal orientation. There are many known varieties of roses, each of which is different from others. Among the common features that unite the variety of bush roses is a clear gradation of stems into annuals and main, uterine ones.
The average height of the bush varies from 25 centimeters to 3 meters. The leaf of a bush rose is elongated, rounded. There is a pattern of small teeth along the edge. At the bottom it is complemented by a pair of adjacent stipules. Flowers (buds) of a bush rose - with miniature petals, in which from 5 to 120 petals.
Combinations of both single buds and those forming an inflorescence are possible, where there can be up to 2 hundred of them. The configuration of the flower remains inimitable. It is classified as pompom, saucer, bowl-shaped, flat, spherical, peony. Differs in bush roses and the color of the bud. It is difficult to find two similar ones, breeders are specially working to obtain unique shades.
The only thing that has not yet been achieved is the bright blue color. The spectacle of delicate bush rose buds bewitches, makes the hearts of connoisseurs and florists tremble.
Bush rose varieties
The splendor of the species, varieties of bush roses makes it possible to choose any of them, in proportion to the taste and wallet. Bright and discreet, miniature and large, compact and gigantic, future spray roses are waiting for their buyers from suppliers of planting material. The blossoming buds are used in floristry, for decoration of garden plots.
Piano ed
Red bushy variety, with unusually lush buds (each has up to a hundred petals). The shape is a regular ball, when opened it becomes like a bowl. It belongs to the old English varieties.
Suitable for combined bouquets, single version. With a small manifestation of imagination from such roses, in combination with fruits or berries, wonderful thematic compositions are obtained.
Red Lex
Another red rose variety. Compact, miniature bush rose of dark cherry shade. Well-formed, bowl-shaped buds. Petals with a velvety structure.
Porcellino
The white color of delicate buds is slightly set off by a creamy note. This shrub rose has a unique, delicate aroma, somewhat similar to vanilla.
Bombastic
In Bombastic, the flowers are rolled up into dense balls formed by petals. The color combines cream and pale pink shades. Often used in conjunction with other bush varieties that accentuate the splendor of the bud.
Freesia
Yellow, frost-resistant bush variety. The buds smell like ripe fruit. Blooms profusely from June to October. Rose bushes are small, up to 80 centimeters high.
Iguana
The unusual shape of the rosebud (it is goblet) gives this variety a clear advantage. The exterior of the rose is complemented by a whimsical color transition of petals - from rich red to burgundy.
Calypso
The color of the buds of the rose variety is dark red, like that of raspberries. The buds are densely crossed with light lines. The bushes are tall, up to several meters. The aroma is delicate, barely perceptible. The form of flower formation is lashes.
Advantages and disadvantages
Shrub varieties of decorative roses are extremely popular with gardeners, and there is a completely logical explanation for this. Rather, several. This dynamic flowering combined with the growth of the plant, delicate aroma, inflorescences, collected from many buds.
Curly and wicker varieties provide a decent material for bouquets, decorative compositions. In addition, in the overwhelming majority, bush varieties are resistant to cold weather, endurance, resistance to diseases and pests.
But with these advantages, there are also disadvantages. The rose needs to be cut, fed, looked after. And still there are thorns, sharp as needles, guarding the buds. In the very same leaving there is nothing difficult, having learned simple rules, a beginner will cope with it.
Landing
How to prepare a bush rose for planting, what is needed for this - everyone wants to know. The best time for this procedure by nature itself is autumn. At the same time, seedlings are bought not ahead of time, but immediately before planting. They select healthy, not damaged, rose bushes without traces of the presence of pests.
The next step is to determine the place for the rose garden. Areas near trees and other bushes are not suitable. A rose needs light and warmth, and for this they choose an open, not shaded place. Swampy soil with closely spaced groundwater will not be a good solution.
Any rose needs drainage. The acid balance is also important. The pH level should be in the range of 6-6.5 units. It is advisable that roses and related plants have not been grown on the selected site before.
Care Tips
A set of recommendations for caring for a rose includes tips on how to plant a cutting, the best way to propagate, how to cover for the winter and how to feed the plant for full flowering. How quickly the rose will take root in a new place, how it will feel in the future, depends on the systematic nature of their implementation.
How to water properly
The rose does not really need moisture, rather, it painfully tolerates increased watering. Empirically, the following method has been determined: water rarely, but abundantly. Recently adopted seedlings are especially in need of moisture, they are watered with a break of 2 days. This life support scheme is used during the first year of the plant's existence. In the spring, more moisture is consumed, at this time leaves and young shoots are formed.
Do the same in summer, especially in hot climates. Approximate proportions are 10 liters of water per rose bush. The liquid should get into the root zone, while the processes themselves should not be exposed from the earthen coma. Watering with cold water is unacceptable, only warm and, preferably, settled. At the end of the season, when the growing season ends, the flow of liquid is reduced in order to protect the rose from possible stagnation, the development of fungi.
Feeding activities
Shrub rose is an ornamental plant, to a greater extent than its wild ancestor, in need of nutrients. It is recommended to start active nutrition from the second year using the following algorithm with a phased breakdown:
- The doubled dose of fertilizer applied in the spring.
- The appearance of cones, the development of buds on the bush.
- Completion of flowering.
- The transition of stems from a vegetable to a woody state.
It is permissible to combine spring pruning of roses with fertilization. A mixture of ammonium nitrate with ammonium sulfate is suitable for this. After about 15 days, feeding is repeated. To stimulate the ovaries, a complex consisting of superphosphate, nitrate and potassium salt is used, approximately in a ratio of 3: 3: 1 per square meter of planting. Sometimes such a composition is replaced with a ready-made one - Kemira Universal or the like.
Upon completion of flowering, it will be necessary to restore the balance of minerals, for this, fertilizing with trace elements is useful. At the end of July, the rose is planted on a nitrogen-free diet, stopping the supply of this type of fertilizer. Replacement of mineral mixtures with organic matter (or their alternate use) is allowed. Gardeners use burnt ash, manure, or bird droppings.
Transplant features
Shrub replanting is a normal procedure practiced by gardeners. This is done for several reasons, including the natural growth of the rose. The optimal period for replanting is spring or autumn. Moreover, the spring period is preferable.
Before the start of the procedure, the bush is freed from sick, weak, damaged shoots, as well as foliage. They also prune the stems by 20-30 centimeters. The excavation is carried out carefully, trying not to damage the roots. Sometimes it is wiser to transplant with a soil ball.
Warm water is poured into a previously dug hole, abundantly saturating the soil with moisture. The grafted rose bushes are placed so that the scion is covered with a layer of earth of 3-5 centimeters.
Trimming rules
The main purpose of pruning is to make the rose actively develop, release fresh shoots, form whips and buds. There are 3 periods of the procedure: spring, summer and autumn. First, this is needed to form a rose bush, then to ensure the growth of shoots.
For this, all small buds are mechanically removed, leaving a few large ones. In the fall, before the cold weather, the final stage is carried out: damaged parts of the plant, dead shoots are cut off from the rose.
How to prepare a bush rose for winter
The process of pruning bush roses for wintering consists in a gradual decrease in the amount of incoming moisture (in August), then - in the introduction of an autumn nutrient complex of fertilizers. The lower leaves are cut in September, the remaining ones in October. Before hibernation, diving into hibernation, the rose bush is shortened by removing shoots and stems.
"Wintering" depends on the climatic zone, peak temperatures. Often they construct a shield house-pyramid over the bush, pulling a dense film over the top. If the device of such a design is impossible, a simpler shelter is built, from a film (thick paper), leaving a small gap between the protection and the plant. Sometimes a layer of snow is thrown on top (in severe frosts).
Protection of crops from diseases and pests
Shrub roses, regardless of varieties, are susceptible to fungal diseases, powdery mildew, manifestations of black spot and rust. There is only one protection measure - treatment with fungicides, ruthless destruction of parts of the bush affected by the disease. When there is not enough iron compounds, chlorosis develops on the plant. The disadvantage is simply to correct the fertilization of the site.
In addition to ailments, bush roses are threatened by pests - aphids, ticks, cicadas and scale insects. Their appearance will not bring anything good. You should get rid of them immediately, using chemicals and folk remedies.
Breeding flowers
Varieties of spray roses are propagated by seeds, cuttings, grafting, dividing. Each method is justified in its own way, it allows you to achieve the result - healthy, lush buds on the bush.
Seeds
The method is exotic and hardly applicable, due to the fact that the seeds have a low germination capacity. Moreover, it has the right to exist. It is recommended to soak the seeds in a growth promoter, this will increase the chances of success. Sow shallow - up to 3 centimeters. Planting roses is mulched with peat, compost. As soon as 2-3 leaves hatch, the bushes are planted.
Cuttings
For spray roses, propagation by cuttings is considered one of the most effective methods. The hardest stems (lignified) are selected as "donors". In this case, the golden mean is important - not too green and not too tough shoots. The bottom edge should be oblique, it is desirable to soak it with a growth stimulator. Cuttings are planted in open ground, keeping a distance of 15-30 centimeters. A film is stretched from above, under which the rooting of bush rose seedlings continues.
Graft
Traditionally, bushes of the wild-growing rose (rosehip) or dog variety (Rosa canina) are used for grafting. The rules are standard: remove the lateral processes on the root collar of the bush, make a "T" -shaped incision. The scion (kidney) will be inserted into it. The average development time of a grafted bush is 3 weeks. After that, by swelling or blackening, one can draw a conclusion about the results of the procedure.
Dividing the bush
The original method of dividing a bush is applicable to plants with a full-fledged root system. 2 times a year, in spring or autumn, it is allowed to divide a pre-selected rose bush into several parts. At least one stem and formed roots are left on each fragment. Further, parts of the bush are planted as usual.
Layers
To obtain layering in all varieties, the stem is bent to the ground (laid in a shallow trench), fixed and sprinkled with earth. The upper part is left above the ground, it is tied to a peg. As a rule, the cuttings take root, becoming an independent shrub. The method helps to rejuvenate the rose bush, stimulate plant growth and set buds.
Application in landscape design
Shrub rose buds, a variety of varieties are a wonderful basis for experiments in the field of landscape design. And if you combine undersized and tall bushes, with different filling of the branches with flowers, then the effect will be even more significant.
Gardeners braid arches with bush roses, form flower beds from them. It turns out very beautiful and spectacular.
