Description and characteristics of Arochny grapes, history of the variety and growing rules
Planting this culture on the site is not practiced by all summer residents. Since plants require careful care and attention to the intricacies of growing. Arched grapes belong to the category of unpretentious, practically maintenance-free plants. Summer residents who do not have time to deal with grapes choose this variety for planting in the country.
Description of Arched grapes
In order to avoid mistakes in cultivation, gardeners study the characteristics of the variety. They help to choose the right location for the plant on the site, to carry out all the necessary agricultural techniques on time.
Historical reference
The variety was created by Russian breeders at the All-Russian Research Institute of Winemaking and Viticulture. Fuzzy indicators are given regarding its origin. Arched grapes are the result of pollination of the Druzhba and Intervitis Magaracha species. The first grade, which is its progenitor, is accurate, while doubts are expressed about the second. This is due to the fact that when creating a variety, pollination was carried out in a complex manner. The researchers of the Institute named after Potapenko Ya. I. have been breeding new grape varieties for 80 years.
Bush morphology
A detailed description of the parts of the plant will give the summer resident the opportunity to receive extensive information. She will help you decide whether to grow grapes on the site.
Vine
Matures in a short time. 15-20 bunches ripen on one vine.
Bunches
Outwardly beautiful, they are in demand among those who are engaged in the production of fruits on an industrial scale. The shape is conical, the berries are located close to each other.
Berries
Taste characteristics are mediocre, but despite this, Arochny grapes are in demand:
- oblong shape;
- the peel is dense, sour taste;
- large seeds;
- weight 5.5-6.5 g;
- tasting score 7.7 points.
The berries, being on the bush for a long time, do not lose their taste and presentation.
Bunches of grapes are transported over long distances without sacrificing their appearance and taste.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Arched grapes have positive and negative characteristics, having familiarized themselves with them, the gardener makes the final decision whether it is worth growing this type of culture or not.
Pros:
- early ripening;
- high resistance to diseases;
- berries do not lose their taste and presentation, being on the vine for a long time;
- withstands long-term transportation;
- frost resistance;
- consistently high yield;
- the use of grapes for decorating gazebos, arches and other structures;
- versatility of fruit use.
Minuses:
- mediocre taste;
- low assessment of tasters.
The main qualities are listed above, the rest will be appreciated by the gardener by independently growing grapes in the garden.
Main characteristics
Important properties of the plant determine how popular it will become in the future. Having a large number of positive qualities, the variety is quickly becoming a favorite with many summer residents.
What are the advantages of the arch
The advantages of the location in the arch lie not only in the aesthetic appearance and decoration of the site, but also in the creation of comfortable conditions for the growth of grapes. The bush receives the required amount of sunlight and oxygen. Therefore, the clusters grow large, large, the color of the berries is more intense. Treatment against insects and diseases is facilitated.
After watering and rain, grapes grown in an arched way dry out faster. This prevents viruses from developing and infecting plants.
Table hybrid
Arched grapes for universal use. Berries are used for cooking:
- juices;
- compotes;
- jam;
- jams;
- wine and other preparations for the winter.
Grapes are also consumed fresh, so its purpose can be considered a dining room.
Gazebo view
Often this grape variety is used to decorate gazebos. In addition to its beautiful appearance, the variety pleases the owners with a high yield of tasty and healthy berries.
Growing conditions
For successful cultivation, it is necessary to create favorable conditions:
- the soil is preferable sandy loam or sandy;
- groundwater must be at great depth;
- the landing site should be located on the sunny side;
- the pit is prepared in advance in the fall, planted in the spring;
- further care consists in performing standard agricultural techniques, pruning;
- in August, stop watering, the plant must prepare for winter.
Observing simple requirements, anyone, even a novice gardener, can get a harvest.
How much harvest can you get
Subject to the subtleties of planting and care features, a stable high yield is obtained. Approximately 10-12 kg per bush.
Low temperature resistance
According to the manufacturers, Arochny grapes are able to withstand temperatures as low as -25 ⁰С.
Diseases and pests affecting growth and development
The variety resists many diseases, but for prevention it is necessary to process the bushes in spring and autumn. Then the vine will continue to grow and bear fruit.
Benefits and negative effects of consumption
Grapes have positive and negative effects on the human body.
Benefit:
- It is used to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
- Grape juice, like the berry itself, helps the stomach to produce gastric juice faster. That helps digestion and speeds up metabolism.
- Calms the nervous system.
- Has a beneficial effect on the organs of blood formation.
- It has a positive effect on the respiratory system. The berry is consumed at the initial stage of tuberculosis, asthma and other diseases.
- Helps to repair tissue.
- Normalizes the endocrine system.
- Grapes are useful for humans as a powerful antioxidant.
- Improves vision.
- Used for weight loss. And much more.
Harm:
- Not recommended for people with high acidity.
- Strong laxative, should not be used by those with weak bowels.
- Not for diabetics.
- There is a risk of anemia in children and should only be given light-colored grapes.
- The fruits are classified as heavy food, abuse is not recommended.
Despite the positive effect, it is necessary to monitor the body when eating berries.
Berry properties
The use of berries in food should be done with caution. This is due to the fact that, in addition to positive properties, they also have negative ones. In this regard, it is better to consult a specialist. The properties of berries make it possible to use grapes not only in cooking, but also in cosmetology and folk medicine.
Planting vines
Arched grapes are propagated by the vine. For everything to go well, you need to take into account several nuances:
- choose the right planting material;
- determine the timing;
- choose a suitable site;
- plant the seedling correctly.
What should be the planting material
A high-quality and healthy seedling will take root and grow faster. Therefore, you should pay attention to the appearance of the planting material.
Timing
The vine is planted in autumn or spring. It is better to do this in April or May, depending on the climatic characteristics of the region of residence.
Choice of land
A draft-proof solar bed is ideal for successful grape growing. The roots of the plant go deep, so the groundwater should be at a depth of at least 4 m.
How to plant
The pit is prepared in advance, the bottom is filled with drainage, and then a small layer of fertile soil with an admixture of minerals is laid. A plastic pipe is installed, watering will be carried out through it.
A seedling with bare roots is soaked for 1-2 hours in Heteroauxin. Only then are they transferred to the prepared pit. The earth is poured in a small slide. Water through an installed pipe.
Growing and caring for grapes
A properly planted seedling is half the battle, it is necessary to take good care of the grapes.
Forming a bush by pruning
If you do not thin out the vine, the bush thickens, this leads to a decrease in yield. No pruning is needed for the first year. In the 2nd year, 2 branches are left, on one no more than 8 buds, in the second only 2. The next year, repeat the procedure. A vine that has more buds will have brushes next year.It is especially important to leave the replacement knot, this is a branch with 2 buds.
We irrigate, weed, loosen
Removing weeds is necessary, since they significantly deplete the soil, sucking out most of the nutrients. Watering is carried out regularly. At first, once a week, 8-12 liters of water for each bush. Further, the number of irrigations decreases, the volume of water increases. After watering, the soil should be loosened, this will retain moisture and provide oxygen to the roots.
Top dressing
Arched grapes require complex fertilizing. It is better to alternate with organic, but in moderation. An overfed plant produces only green leaves and shoots, there are fewer berries than it should be.
How to protect against diseases and pests
Prevention works better than any treatment. Therefore, compliance with the norms of planting and care is half the battle. Spring and fall treatments also help prevent disease.
Using vineyards as an arch
This growing method is used by gardeners as a method of decorating a plot. But it's not just beauty. The culture grown in this way feels good, the plants receive the full amount of light and air. As a result, they develop faster and better.
How can you propagate
There are several ways to grow grapes:
- Seeds. The resulting plant does not take on the parental characteristics. You have to wait a long time until the bush begins to bear fruit.
- Graft. A scion is needed, onto which a cutting from the mother tree is grafted. This method is used in harsh climates.
- Cuttings. Grown from the tops of the vine in winter or spring from prepared sections of the vine.
The gardener chooses a convenient way independently, based on the characteristics of the climate.
Mulching and winter preparation
In the early years, gardeners recommend wrapping the vine for the winter. Mulching will help close the shoots from frost. In conditions of risky farming, Archny grapes are covered with a special material and sprinkled with soil.
Harvest
The final stage of cultivation is harvesting. When all the work invested pays off, and the summer resident receives payment for his work.
Collection
The peculiarity of this grape variety is that, being on the vine for a long time, it does not overripe and does not lose its taste. Therefore, there are no clear deadlines for its collection.
Application
The use of berries is universal, this variety is especially well used in winemaking. Experts say that after six months the wine acquires an aroma that is not lost during subsequent storage. In addition to making wine, fruits are used for juices, jams, preserves and other desserts. Arched grapes are an excellent solution for areas with gazebos and arches. It is a decoration of the garden and gives an excellent harvest.
