How to properly grow grapes in the open field of the middle lane and tips for planting and care for beginners
Many gardeners living in the middle lane are engaged in the cultivation of grapes. In such areas, only suitable varieties should be grown that can withstand temperature extremes and other climatic changes without problems. Before you start planting fruit, you should familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of growing grapes in the middle lane for beginners.
The best varieties
Over the past years, breeders engaged in the creation of new varieties of plants have bred many grape varieties. Many of them are distinguished not only by large fruits, but also by resistance to low temperatures. They are the best varieties for central Russia. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the features of each of them in advance in order to choose the best variety in the future.
Samara Amber
Breeders got such a variety back in 1949 by crossing Muscat and Madeleine grapes. The plant has medium-sized bushes, the height of which reaches two meters. In the spring, each planted bush is covered with large leaves, on the tips of which there are straight triangular teeth.
The berries of Samara Amber are large and grow up to 20 mm. The weight of each of them reaches five grams. Ripe fruits are covered with a thin golden skin.
Delight
Such technical grades grapes like Rapture great for growing in the middle lane. The advantages of the variety include its large and tasty grape berries. Their surface is covered with a crispy and dense skin, under which there is a sweetish pulp. Their diameter reaches 30 mm, and their weight is 7-8 grams.
Experienced gardeners who have been cultivating Rapture for many years note its frost resistance. Even at temperatures below 25 degrees of frost, the bushes do not lose their ability to bear fruit and grow normally.
Crystal
Gardeners who prefer to grow ultra-early grape varieties should turn their attention to Crystal. Its fruits have time to ripen within 100 days, thanks to which it is possible to harvest the crop in early August.
Ripe oval grapes are colored golden with a light shade. They are covered with a thin layer of waxy coating that protects them from dangerous microorganisms. The advantages of the Crystal include its taste.The grapes are sweet, and therefore, when creating compote and jam, some housewives do not even add sugar.
Laura
In the middle lane, many grow Laura grapeswhich copes well with severe winter frosts. The bushes of the plant are large and grow up to 2-3 meters. In spring, they are covered with five-lobed green leaves.
In the middle of summer, fruit clusters form on the bushes, which grow up to 35-40 cm in length. Each cluster weighs one kilogram. When grown in a greenhouse, you can increase the weight of fruit brushes up to three kilograms.
When to buy planting material?
It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the specifics of purchasing planting material in advance in order to buy the best seedlings. It is better to buy it in the spring, a few days before planting grapes in the garden. However, before that you need to familiarize yourself with the following recommendations:
- You cannot buy grape seedlings in the heat of the moment. When choosing a plant, you should not take the first seedling that comes across, as it may turn out to be spoiled. Better to examine it carefully and compare it with other seedlings that are sold in the store.
- Purchases are made only in shops selling seeds and seedlings. In such places, there is always a good choice, which allows you to choose the best grape varieties for planting in the middle lane.
- For planting, seedlings that are planted in the fall are better suited. They are more hardy than spring ones, and therefore gardeners are advised to buy them. However, if they will be engaged in grapes in July, and not in autumn, then it is better to buy seedlings for spring planting.
- Purchased seedlings are not stored for a long time. You must plant them in the garden the day after purchase.
Timing and selection of a site for planting
Before planting seedlings, you should decide on the optimal timing and find a place for the grapes.
Timing
It is possible to plant grape seedlings in spring and autumn. Experienced gardeners are advised to plant them in the fall, as this will allow the grapes to quickly get used to new climatic conditions. In addition, the bushes planted in autumn strengthen their immunity to pests and diseases.
The best time for planting grapes in the middle lane in autumn is considered the end of September and the first half of October.
Seat selection
When choosing a site for a vineyard, take into account the soil. It should not be planted on swampy soils and areas where groundwater is close to the topsoil. The landing site should be reliably protected from wind gusts and illuminated by the sun's rays. Without enough light, the bushes will grow slowly and bear poor fruit.
How to properly plant grapes in the middle lane?
Inexperienced gardeners may have difficulty planting grapes in central Russia. To do everything right, you must familiarize yourself in advance with how to plant grape seedlings yourself. When disembarking, adhere to the following recommendations:
- Purchased seedlings are soaked in cool water in advance and pruned. When pruning, the root system is trimmed and the shoot is shortened by three buds. Also, gardeners are advised to immediately get rid of side shoots, which can significantly slow down the growth of planted bushes.
- The cut plant is placed in a container with a clay solution for half an hour, after which it is planted in the open ground. For planting, a shallow hole is made on the site, in which several bushes can be planted at once.
- Organic or mineral fertilizers are added to the dug hole for planting, which contribute to the growth of grapes.
- When planting, the seedlings are lowered into the soil to a depth of 7-10 cm so that the root system is in the ground.
- When the planting of grapes with saplings in autumn is over, a low mound is made around the grape sprout to protect it from frost.
Care and growing tips
Not everyone knows how to properly grow grapes in the middle lane. To deal with this, you should familiarize yourself with the peculiarities of caring for grape seedlings.
During the care of the grapes in the middle lane, watering is carried out. Soil moistening is done in the summer or spring season. At the same time, at least 10-15 liters of liquid are consumed for each planted bush.
If rainy weather prevails in summer, the grapes are watered 1-2 times per season. In dry weather, the number of irrigations is increased up to 4-5 times. It is impossible to water the plant more often, since with high humidity, pests are activated, and the likelihood of infection with mildew or late blight increases.
Reproduction of grapes in central Russia
Gardeners want not only to grow grapes, but also to reproduce them. The most common way to propagate such a plant is to sprinkle soil on the vine. This method is best used only in the middle lane and in the southern regions. Experienced gardeners advise to carry out the procedure in mid-summer or late spring, if the bushes are already lignified.
When sprinkling the vines, make sure that its upper part remains on the surface of the soil. After a few months, the part of the plant that is covered with soil will begin to germinate. In October, all the sprouts formed are carefully separated and transferred to the room. In the spring, when the air temperature warms up to 15-20 degrees, the seedlings can be planted in the garden.
When to prune?
In order for the grape bushes to grow and bear fruit better, they will have to be cut periodically. You will have to carry out maintenance pruning in the fall at least twice. In this case, excess shoots are removed a few days before the winter shelter of the plant. To begin with, you need to trim only large stems that did not have brushes. All cut branches are carefully placed near the base of the seedlings.
Stems from grapes are cut not only in autumn, but also in spring. With spring pruning, dried branches are removed, on which there are no leaves. Also in the spring they are engaged in pinching the stems, which contributes to the correct the formation of grapes.
Gardeners with years of experience in growing grapes recommend pinching immediately after planting. This will allow the bush to form correctly and increase yields.
The procedure for sheltering grapes for the winter
It is imperative to cover the grapes for the winter, since without a special shelter it can die. To do this, in the fall, all the bushes are carefully dug in so that the roots do not freeze. Sometimes the plants are not added in drops, but covered with dried leaves, straw or branches. Covering material from above can be sprinkled with soil or covered with oilcloth so that the soil does not freeze.
The created shelter is removed only in the spring, when the night frosts end and the air temperature will always be above zero.
Conclusion
Some gardeners of the middle lane are planning to plant grapes in the garden. Before that, you should familiarize yourself with the best varieties for such a region, as well as the features of planting and caring for planted seedlings.
