Description and characteristics of the grape variety Riddle Sharova, planting and care rules
When breeding grapes Sharov's Riddle, agricultural technicians tried to create a disease-resistant hybrid intended for cultivation in different conditions, not always favorable for the shrub. The variety develops intensively, grows well and bears fruit actively. For its pollination, additional conditions are not needed: the plant copes with this on its own.
Content
- 1 History of the species
- 2 Description of the variety and external parameters
- 3 Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
- 4 Optimal climatic conditions for growth
- 5 How to plant grapes
- 6 Features of caring for the variety Sharov's Riddle
- 7 Berry ripening time
- 8 Harvesting and storage
- 9 Prevention of pests and diseases
History of the species
The secret of the name is revealed simply: the hybrid was bred by the well-known amateur breeder in the USSR R.F.Sharov, who took 3 varieties as a basis for the new species: Far East 60, Magarach 352 and Tukai. Sharov's mystery is considered a tried and tested old variety, it has been grown since 1972. Rostislav Fedorovich lived in Altai, so most of the hybrids that he managed to breed and donate to people are intended for cultivation in the harsh conditions of Siberia and the Urals. As a result of experiments, modern gardeners harvest sweet, tasty berries regardless of the region where they are located - both in the Moscow region and in Kamchatka.
Description of the variety and external parameters
The hybrid has inherited the main features and characteristics of the "progenitor" - the Far Eastern 60 variety. The frost resistance index reaches -40 degrees, while the "son" has a little less - only -32.
The vitality is amazing, the bush quickly begins to start up long strong shoots, on which bunches are then densely tied.
Leaves of a classic 5-lobed shape, small and neat, with a rich green hue. The plant is bisexual, both female and male flowers ripen on it. On each shoot 2-3 inflorescences ripen, the bunch is medium, weighing up to 300 grams (less often up to half a kilogram). The berry is dark blue, close to black in color, spherical, up to 3 grams.
The taste is delicate, with a well-balanced sugar content, a bit like garden berries. Sharov's riddle does not peel, ripens in 110 days, hangs on the vine for a long time without damage to the fruit, tolerates transportation well.
Bushes and shoots
The bush is large, with strong, but not thick, shoots (up to 3 meters long). Bunches are branching or winged, medium-sized.It has been empirically proven that the Riddle favorably perceives the shaping without a punch in a multi-arm way, tolerates pruning. Even the fact that the vine does not fully ripen is perceived as a virtue: in the fall everything unnecessary is removed, including unripe berries. The cut bush takes cover before the winter season, it tolerates cold well.
Leaves and flowering
The leaf of the variety has a regular shape with 5 petals, it is bright green, not pubescent, smooth. Fruiting of shoots occurs quickly, 2-3 flowers bloom on each. The grapes are bisexual, both female and male inflorescences ripen in it. There will be no problems with pollination, you do not need to specially plant special plants near the bush for this.
Crop yield and size
Sharov's riddle maintains a stable harvest of ripe, uniform-sized berries. The bunches cannot be called large, but they have a regular, conical shape. The usual weight of the brush is 300 grams, there are specimens of 500 and even 600. It depends on the growing conditions: in a warm climate, the bush bears fruit better, and the grons grow larger.
In confirmation of the declared yield, the fact that a 6-year-old bush with 10-12 shoots gives up to 10 kilograms of grapes speaks. Connoisseurs say that a berry that is not picked in time becomes sweeter, and its taste becomes soft and complete. The fruits of the Riddle are stored in standard boxes before transportation or conservation - they can easily tolerate such procedures. Berries can safely lie in containers for up to 3 months.
Berry appearance and taste
The berry is not the largest, with a well-defined round shape, the color is blue almost to blackness (when ripe). Arrangement in grooves of medium density, brush shape - a cone gradually tapering to the bottom. The heart is juicy and sweet. The rind is dense, but not tough, the taste is almost not felt. The top is covered with a light waxy coating.
Inside the pulp there are 2-3 seeds, the sugar content is up to 22%. The berry mass is about 3 grams, it almost does not shrink with the age of the bush.
Pollination
Sharov's riddle does not need additional pollination, coping well on its own: thanks to bisexual flowers, the variety fertilizes itself.
Reproduction methods
The variety is bred by cuttings planted in the ground, or used as a stock for other types of grapes. In this case, a new hybrid with stable characteristics is obtained.
Frost resistance
The species is not afraid of the cold. He inherited such characteristics from the progenitor, the Far East 60 variety, known for its endurance. The riddle calmly tolerates frost down to -32 (34) degrees. In warm areas, it is not sheltered for the winter, this is not a mandatory measure.
Disease immunity
Unfortunately, the variety is susceptible to common grape diseases such as fungi and downy mildew (mildew). To successfully resist ailments, prophylaxis, spraying with chemicals, as well as pre-winter pruning of damaged branches and leaves are carried out.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Sharov's riddle justifies its ambiguous name - it contains both advantages and flaws. The grapes are fruitful, tasty, sweet, early maturing and hardy. The variety grows wherever there is soil, enough heat and sun - this is a clear plus.
The creator of the hybrid has done a tremendous job of preserving and strengthening the qualities of the progenitors, obtaining a universal variety. And he succeeded. Of the shortcomings, a weak immunity to diseases is noted - fungal and mildew.
Optimal climatic conditions for growth
The grapes were bred in the Altai Territory, where winter temperatures drop below 20 degrees below zero, so the range of cultivation zones is quite large. Sharov's mystery grows in the Middle Strip, in the cold climate of the Urals and Siberia, there are cases of cultivation in the extreme conditions of the Far East (in greenhouses).
In the southern regions, the combination of light and warmth is more preferable for the berries - there it ripens faster, better. The gardener's task is to provide the bush with the necessary planting site, sun, fertilizer and time for ripening of the bunches (110 days).
How to plant grapes
For planting cuttings, the classic scheme is used: at a selected, draft-protected place, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench (for row planting) or a hole (for a single one). A prerequisite is good drainage. For this, large stones, gravel, broken brick are placed on the bottom.
You can use pieces of tubes with perforations, buried vertically or plastic bottles: they will supply the nutrient mixture, water for irrigation.
Required soil composition
The riddle, like other varieties, is sensitive not to the very composition of the soil, the presence of minerals and nutrients in it, but to the fraction. Heavy, clayey, stagnant soils are categorically unsuitable. The initial dose of fertilizers is laid at planting, when a soil mixture is created from humus and soil. The use of fresh humus is not allowed, it can burn the roots of the seedling.
Sapling selection
Due to the good vitality of the variety, there are no special restrictions on the choice of a seedling: it can be one or two years old, but the main thing is to be healthy, not affected by pests and diseases. Breeding by cuttings is allowed, but the first option is preferable.
Seating scheme
When planting seedlings, the standard scheme is observed: the distance between them is up to 3 meters, away from tall, shading plants. The bush is immersed deeply in the ground, leaving a couple of buds above the surface. When choosing a place, 2 conditions must be met: a lot of sun and no drafts.
Fertilizing and watering young grapes
The riddle is unpretentious: all the necessary substances are laid when planting a seedling. The developed root system allows you to find the elements required for the growth of the bush in the soil. In order to evenly distribute the load on the fragile stem, shoots are removed during the first year, leaving one strong one. Such radical pruning allows you to strengthen the plant, to strengthen it.
Watering is carried out regularly, but without excessive fanaticism, so as not to soak the roots.
Features of caring for the variety Sharov's Riddle
Since the bush develops rapidly, releases many shoots, it will be necessary to ensure that they do not create a shadow, do not interfere with the growth of the vine.
Be sure to raise and tie up branches to the posts or wire, which grow up to 4 meters per season.
In humid climates, in order to comply with the ventilation conditions, excessively thick foliage is removed from the bush. For prevention and when traces of pests and diseases are detected, they are treated with Omite, Proclame or Nitrafen chemicals. To avoid mildew, it is enough to prune the growing stepsons in time.
When the bunches ripen, they are additionally stimulated by spraying with preparations containing colloidal sulfur, potassium permanganate. It is recommended, despite the obvious frost resistance, to remove the vines from the suspensions for the winter, cut the bush, lay it on the ground and cover it with soil, compost, snow.
Soil loosening
To ensure air permeability, and in order to prevent the larvae of pests hiding in the ground, loosening of the root zone is used. It can be combined with top dressing with organics or minerals - this way the substances will get to their destination faster.
Top dressing
The grapes are unpretentious, but they will accept any care with gratitude, pouring juice into ripe, heavy bunches. Top dressing consists in introducing a couple of buckets of humus under the bush - not often, once every few years. A universal fertilizer - simple wood ash suitable for all varieties.
Bush formation and pinching
Due to the abundant growth of shoots, the bush needs pruning, sometimes almost radical. It is especially important to do this in the very first year of plant growth, so as not to overload the weak root system and stem. Subsequently, when the plant began to bear fruit, you can start forming the sleeves, directing them as needed. Pinching on the Riddle is not practiced, it develops well enough without it.
Preparing the vine for wintering
General preparation is reduced to pruning branches, especially old ones damaged by pests and diseases, to a minimum. The vines are removed from the supports, bent to the ground, wrapped. For the southern regions, shelter is practically not used, in the Middle Lane and cold regions it is mandatory. The vine laid on the ground is covered with earth, mulch, after precipitation - with snow.
Berry ripening time
The berries ripen 110 days after bud setting; in warm, favorable conditions, this may happen earlier. When grown in a greenhouse, this period can be reduced by 20-30 days. The palatability improves significantly as it ripens. The riddle allows for some delay in the collection, the bouquet will only benefit from this, it will become fuller and sweeter.
Harvesting and storage
The variety yields up to 10 kilograms of ripe fruits from the bush, thanks to the dense skin, the clusters are well stored. According to some reports, the Riddle of Sharov can lie after collection for up to 3 months without any changes in taste and appearance.
Prevention of pests and diseases
The grapes are sensitive to the main disease of all varieties - mildew. For prophylaxis, pruning and removal of damaged fragments are carried out. The bush is treated with fungicidal compounds (Bordeaux liquid), Omite preparations and the like. Spraying is used not only at the first signs of illness or injury, but also for prevention.
