Description of the Vladimirskaya cherry variety, characteristics of fruiting and pollinators, planting and care
In Russia, cherry trees have been planted for a long time. According to some sources, cherries were first brought to the Russian Empire in the 12th century. But even now, centuries later, interest in cherries has not dried up. Every year breeders develop new varieties and improve old ones. You can find varieties of cherry trees for every taste. One of the common varieties in many regions is Vladimirskaya cherry. This is an unpretentious variety that is famous for its yield and berry flavor.
Breeding history and regionalization
It is still unknown how the Vladimirskaya variety was created. But according to some reports, the hybrid was bred in the 19th century on the territory of the Vladimir region. This is where the cherry got its name. The parent varieties that were used to create the hybrid also remain unknown. Vladimirskaya is often sold under other names: Dobroselskaya, Gorbatovskaya, Poditelava, Vyaznikovskaya. They are all one and the same variety.
In 1947, the Vladimirskaya hybrid was zoned and included in the State Register. The variety is grown in almost all regions of Russia. Especially suitable for cultivation southern climate and climatic conditions of central regions.
Description and characteristics of the variety
The culture has a lot of advantages, thanks to which Vladimirskaya won the love of many gardeners. The hybrid is characterized by the best indicators in terms of yield and resistance to some diseases of fruit trees.
It is also important to pay attention to the frost resistance and drought resistance of the tree, the timing of fruit ripening and pollination.
Drought resistance and frost resistance
One of the disadvantages of the Vladimirskaya hybrid is the low frost resistance of the buds. If the winter is frosty, then there is a high probability that part of the tree will freeze. Therefore, it is advisable to plant seedlings in warm areas with mild winters. In the north, this variety will not take root.
Like many varieties of cherry trees, Vladimirskaya tolerates dry summers well. The tree does not need frequent watering. It is recommended to water the cherries several times per season. But still, it is undesirable to allow the soil to dry out around the trunks. The tree does not tolerate such conditions.
Soil requirements
Saplings are planted in open sunny areas that are well ventilated.Cherry grows poorly in the shade and gives a low yield. Particular attention should be paid to the choice of soil for planting. Vladimirskaya does not like swampy, wet areas in which water stagnates or groundwater lies nearby. Although the culture also does not like overdrying the soil, excessive moisture is more detrimental to the health of the tree.
It is not recommended to plant seedlings on sandy and clay soil types. It is better to plant seedlings in southern areas or hills. The soil must be breathable. For planting, preference should be given to light fertile soils with a loose structure. Dense soil is bad for tree growth and fruiting.
Pollinators, flowering and ripening periods
Variety Vladimirskaya refers to self-infertile. To pollinate the inflorescences, other varieties of cherries are planted next to the tree. Cherry varieties such as Consumer Cherry, Fertile Michurina, Turgenevka, Amorel Rozovaya, Lyubskaya and Vasilievskaya are suitable as pollinating trees. The more pollinating trees grow nearby, the higher the yield at Vladimirskaya.
Bees are attracted to the garden for pollination. For this, honey plants, for example, lungwort, bells or thyme, are planted next to the cherry. In addition, spraying inflorescences with honey or sugar diluted in water helps.
Cherry trees bloom in mid-May. Mass flowering is observed in the last days of May. Petals are white, inflorescences are collected in bunches of 5-6 pieces. For the Vladimirskaya hybrid, the mass ripening of the crop is uncharacteristic. Cherries turn red gradually. The first ripe berries from the tree are harvested from July 10. Vladimirskaya belongs to early maturing hybrids.
If the fruits are not plucked from the tree, then gradually they will fall off and become unsuitable for eating or preparing processed products.
Productivity, fruiting
More than half of the ovaries are formed only on young branches, so the old stems are cut off so that they do not take up nutrients. In different areas, the fruiting of the variety is different. In the northern latitudes, the yield of the variety is lower, since the buds of the tree freeze during severe frosts, and it is on them that most of the crop is formed. Areas with moderate, not frosty winters are suitable for growing Vladimirskaya.
Cherries are highly productive. From one adult plant, an average of 20 to 30 kg of cherries are harvested, provided that the cherry grows in warm climates. In the northern regions, the yield is only 5-6 kg. To increase the yield, it is imperative to introduce mineral and organic fertilizers into the soil and pruning old branches.
Taste indicators of berries
The berries are round, with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm. On average, the weight of one berry ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 g. Having reached full maturity, the skin and flesh acquire a rich burgundy hue, almost black. The pulp is dense in texture, juicy, slightly lighter than the skin. The taste is sweet and sour, the pulp of a rich cherry aroma.
Jams, compotes are prepared from cherries, frozen for the winter or eaten fresh. The bone is easily separated from the pulp. The berries tolerate long-term transportation and are suitable for sale.
Neighborhood with fruit trees
Cherry tolerates being close to other fruit trees well. But it is undesirable to plant seedlings next to a pear, plum and apple tree. In addition, other varieties that begin to bloom at the same time as Vladimirskaya are considered the best neighbors for the variety. These varieties include:
- Amorel Pink;
- Lotovaya;
- Shubinka Pink;
- Flask Pink;
- Griot of Moscow;
- Rustunya;
- Vasilievskaya.
It is not recommended to plant currants next to the hybrid. Peas and garlic should be planted on the trunk circles. Peas saturate the soil with nitrogen, and the smell of garlic scares away aphids from trees.
Breeding methods and planting
There are several ways to propagate a cherry tree:
- seedlings;
- bones;
- by cuttings.
The easiest way to grow with a seedling.
- First, they dig up the soil and mix it with mineral fertilizers and organic matter.
- Straw, grass and fallen leaves are spread on the bottom.
- Then 2 buckets of rotted compost are poured.
- Water the soil abundantly.
- Before planting, the roots are examined and the damaged ones are cut off.
- For 12 hours, the root system is placed in growth stimulants.
- A long stake is driven into the center of the pit.
- Place the seedling in the hole, spread the roots and dig in them with soil.
- The earth around the trunk is tamped and watered abundantly with warm water.
- The seedling is tied to a stake.
After planting the seedling, the soil around is mulched with peat, humus with the addition of sawdust. The thickness of the mulch should be at least 10 cm. At first, the seedling should be left tied to a peg until the cherry takes root in a new place.
Tree care
Cherry trees need to be cared for to increase yields. The minimum care includes the organization of watering, the introduction of fertilizing into the soil and the formation of the crown. Without maintenance, the tree will quickly overgrow with old branches and stop bearing fruit.
Crown pruning
The first time the cherries are pruned after planting. Pruning is done in early spring, 3-4 weeks before blooming. During pruning, skeletal branches are not shortened, only excess branches are removed. Sections are treated with garden varnish or ordinary brilliant green. The crown of the tree should consist of 5-7 branches. The central branch is left 15-25 cm long. In subsequent years, the tree is pruned every year.
For pruning, only a well-sharpened pruner is used, which does not injure the stems and leaves even cuts on the branches. The sections are disinfected immediately after cutting.
Regularity of watering
Cherry trees are watered several times during the fruiting season. But watering should be abundant. At one time, 10-15 liters of water are used for irrigation. Only warm water warmed up in the sun is used for irrigation.
Watering time:
- After the flowering period.
- 4-5 weeks after the first watering, when the berries begin to turn red.
- The fourth watering is carried out after harvest.
- The last time the trees are irrigated before the onset of cold weather.
Before watering, the soil around the trunks is loosened and all weeds are removed.
Fertilizers and feeding
After planting the seedling in a permanent place, the cherry does not need feeding for the first year. In the second year, organic matter and mineral fertilizers are already introduced into the soil. But it is best to start feeding the trees 2-3 years after the start of fruiting.
Top dressing:
- After the snow melts, the soil around the trunk is sprinkled with wood ash.
- Before flowering, fertilizer is applied to the soil based on manure, a fermented solution of grass and bird droppings (the same fertilizer is applied when the berries ripen).
- After harvesting and after digging the soil in autumn, bone meal and leaf ash are added to the soil.
It is important to ensure that there is more acid and moisture in the soil.
Whitewashing the trunk
With the onset of autumn, the trunk and skeletal branches are whitewashed with lime mixed with copper sulfate. Also, the trunk is whitewashed with a special tree paint. Young trees that are not yet 5 years old are not recommended to be whitened.
Preparing for the winter period
In the fall, the soil is dug up around the trunks, having previously cleared it of leaves and fallen fruits. Then the soil near the trunk is mulched with humus and peat.
What diseases and pests is susceptible to. Ways to deal with them
- aphid;
- plum moth;
- coccomycosis;
- moniliosis.
To prevent the appearance of coccomycosis in the fall, foliage and fruits must be removed from the site. For moniliosis, trees are sprayed with a 7% urea solution. During bud break, the branches are treated with 3% Bordeaux liquid.
Branches with a lot of aphids are rinsed in a concentrated solution of laundry soap. Treatment of trees with Fitoverm helps from the plum moth. Add 1 tbsp to the preparation. l. liquid soap and treated trees.
