Description and characteristics of the apple-tree variety Belorusskoe sweet, planting and care
Most apples taste sweet and sour. This characteristic does not apply to the Belarusian sweet apple. In a winter-hardy, unpretentious culture, the fruits have a sweet taste, delicate aroma. Fruit use is versatile. Further information on the advantages and disadvantages of the variety, planting, care, features of fruiting trees.
Content
The history of apple breeding Belorusskoe sweet
The variety was bred by Belarusian breeders in the second half of the 20th century. Specialists crossed Antonovka ordinary and Lithuanian Pepinka. The culture belongs to late winter varieties.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The positive qualities of the apple tree include the following characteristics:
- good frost resistance;
- the ability to bear fruit every year;
- disease resistance;
- excellent taste;
- good keeping quality.
No negative qualities were found. A minor drawback may be the sweet taste of the fruit, which not all consumers like.
additional characteristics
The culture was bred for regions with unfavorable climatic conditions. The apple tree is resistant to many fungal diseases.
Tree height
The variety belongs to medium-sized crops. An adult apple tree reaches a height of 3-3.5 meters. The shoots droop under the weight of the fruit, making harvesting easier.
Crown size
Young trees have a conical crown. In an adult apple tree, it becomes rounded, reaching a diameter of 4 meters. Shoots are located at an acute angle to the central trunk.
Culture Specification
Fruit weight - 140-200 grams. The shape is round, the surface is smooth. From above, the skin is covered with a waxy bloom.
Yield
Active fruiting begins from the 3rd year of the tree's life. A young apple tree can grow 35 kilograms of fruit. 7-10 buckets of fruit are harvested from mature plants.
Self-fertility and pollination
The variety is self-fertile. But planting other apple trees nearby increases yields. You need to choose trees that bloom at about the same time.
Fruit taste
The peel of the fruit is green, covered with a thick blush. A distinctive feature of apples is the absence of acid. The fruits are sweet, aromatic. The pulp is juicy, tender.
Resistance to subzero temperatures
The culture can withstand frosts down to -35 ° C. Therefore, trees do not need shelter. Only spring return frosts can negatively affect the yield.
Tree life
The life cycle of the Belarusian sweet apple tree is up to 35 years. The culture actively bears fruit from the 3rd to the 30th years. The quality and quantity of the crop depends on the care.
The nuances of growing in different regions
The culture develops favorably in areas with a temperate climate. She is provided with standard care. In areas with severe winters, additional insulation is required.
The root circle is mulched, the trunks are wrapped with agrofibre or burlap.
Features of fruiting apple trees
One of the positive qualities of the Belarusian sweet apple tree is its annual fruiting.
When to wait for the first harvest
The first fruits may appear 2-3 years after planting. The yield increases with each season. At the age of 10, an apple tree is able to grow about 80 kilograms of fruit.
Flowering and ripening dates
Flowers form in early May. Fruits ripen by the end of September. Without falling, they stick tightly to the stalk. In a cool, dry room, apples can survive until February.
Collecting and using apples
Harvested in late September or early October. The procedure is carried out in dry weather. The use of apples is universal. They are consumed fresh, dried, frozen. Juices, compotes, jam, jam are prepared from fruits.
Features of planting and care
The apple-tree Belorusskoe sweet is capable of growing and bearing fruit for 30-35 years, so the seedlings and the planting site are carefully selected. Trees are best purchased from a reputable plant nursery. They can also be purchased in the market from trusted sellers.
We harvest seedlings
1-2-year-old trees are purchased for planting. At this age, plants adapt more easily to new conditions of keeping. The seedlings should be free of stains, dents, and other signs of disease and pests.
Choosing the best place and preparing the soil
The apple tree prefers to grow in a well-lit, windswept place. The occurrence of groundwater should be low. The soil is suitable loamy, sandy loam, black earth. The hole is dug 2 weeks before planting the apple tree.
Its bottom is filled with drainage and a 15-centimeter layer of soil mixed with fertilizers.
Dates and scheme of disembarkation
The apple tree is planted in open ground in spring or autumn. If several trees are planted, the distance between them is 3-4 meters. A pit is dug 80 × 80 centimeters in size. Landing is done as follows:
- the prepared hole is filled with fertile soil;
- an apple tree is planted in the middle, after having straightened the roots;
- fall asleep with earth;
- water abundantly;
- mulch with sawdust, peat, straw.
A peg is driven in next to the tree. An apple tree tied to it will grow steadily, without bending under the gusts of the wind.
Seedling care in the first year
Immediately after planting, the culture is watered abundantly. In dry times, the ground in the root circle is irrigated every 2-3 weeks. To preserve moisture, a mulching material is used. For the winter, the trunks of young trees are wrapped in non-woven material.
How to care for a mature tree
A grown apple tree requires more care. Water it 3-4 times per season. In the spring they are fed with nitrogen. Before flowering and at the beginning of fruiting, mineral fertilizers are used. Several times a year, for preventive purposes, trees are treated with special preparations. Sanitary pruning is performed throughout the season.At the same time, diseased, broken, dry branches are removed. So that the crown is well blown by the wind, the fruits have enough sunlight, formative pruning is performed.
Do I need to cover the tree for winter
Apple-tree Belorusskoe sweet is able to withstand frosts down to -35 ° С. Therefore, shelter is not required when grown in temperate climates. An increase in frost resistance will be facilitated by water-charging irrigation carried out in mid-autumn. To protect against rodents, the trunks are whitewashed, covered with burlap.
