Description of the eggplant variety Japanese dwarf, its characteristics and yield

Anyone who has ever encountered the Japanese dwarf eggplant variety knows very well that cultivation does not cause any particular difficulties and allows you to get a good harvest. Even cold and uncomfortable climatic conditions are not an obstacle for planting crops - plants will be gifted with fruits for their labors. Before you start growing the variety, it is recommended to understand the features of agricultural technology, find out how to get good seedlings, how to care for the blue ones.

Description of the variety Japanese dwarf

The Japanese dwarf is an early ripening cultivar recommended for growing indoors or directly in the garden. It takes about 3 months from the day the planting material is planted in the soil until the first wave of the harvest. When grown in unfavorable cool conditions, this period will stretch a little - the first fruits will ripen in 3.5-4 months.

The bushes of the variety are low, compact, rarely exceed 40 centimeters in greenhouse conditions. The leaves are large, semicircular. The stems are powerful, easily support the weight of the crop. The fruits are a bit like a pear in shape, reaching 20 centimeters in length. The weight is not impressive - only 300 grams.

The color of ripe fruits is dark purple, almost black. The pulp is light, pleasant to the taste, does not have the bitterness characteristic of this culture. The fruits are used for different purposes - canned, frozen, used for main courses, salads.

Characteristics of eggplant

The Japanese dwarf is recommended for growing in temperate and even cool climates. In warm regions, seedlings are planted in beds, in cool regions you will have to use a greenhouse, otherwise you will not be able to get a crop.

The peculiarity of the variety is the duration of flowering. If the weather permits, the fruits are harvested until the very cold. In heated winter greenhouses, it will be possible to get fresh eggplants to the table even on frosty days. Productivity - up to 3 kilograms per bush.

The value of the Japanese dwarf is its taste, an insignificant amount of seeds, and tender pulp.

Features of growing seeds

To grow the Japanese dwarf variety and get a good harvest, regardless of the place of planting (in a greenhouse or in the beds), you will need to first get seedlings. Seed material is recommended to be purchased in the store - homemade seeds have a low germination rate.

Before landing, prepare:

1. Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate (for 200 milliliters of water, several grains of the drug).
2. Dip the planting material into the solution, the duration of soaking is a quarter of an hour.
3. Remove seeds floating on the surface.
4. Dry the planting material that has sunk to the bottom on a napkin.

You do not need to germinate - it is immediately recommended to start planting. Do not make the wells too deep - 1.5 centimeters is enough. Irrigate the soil surface with water, build a polyethylene greenhouse.

It is recommended to use ready-made soil. Suitable substrate for growing seedlings or tomatoes. If you need to prepare the soil mixture yourself, mix turf (4 handfuls), sand (1 handful), humus (2 handfuls).

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Seedling

It is recommended to start growing seedlings of the Japanese dwarf variety in March (from 1st to 15th). For gardeners in warm regions, the dates are slightly shifted - it is better to start germinating planting material in February (from 20th to 28th).

The first shoots appear within the second week after planting the seeds. Place the container on a light windowsill, it is imperative to create an artificial shade - use a newspaper, a thin curtain.

Airing should be carried out daily - high humidity in the greenhouse will be detrimental to tender sprouts. The blooming of the substrate surface will lead to the development of bacterial diseases and fungal diseases; it will no longer be possible to save the plants.

Growing features

There will be no particular difficulties in obtaining young bushes ready for transplanting to the beds. The main thing is to follow the rules of agricultural technology:

• carry out frequent, but scanty irrigation of the substrate surface with warm water;
• once a week, turn the container with plants in different directions to the sun (this will avoid pulling out the shoots);
• alternate watering with the introduction of nutrients (use an infusion of ash - 50 grams of substance per half liter of water).

Another important rule of growing is to monitor the temperature regime, the room should be at least 27 degrees.

Preparation of beds and transfer to open ground

Eggplant beds The Japanese dwarf is recommended to be cooked in the fall. When digging up humus, apply, abundantly sprinkle the soil with wood ash. The blue ones like light soils, so you can add a small amount of sand.

The recommended scheme for planting the variety is 60 by 40 centimeters. To start moving young plants to the beds in early summer. For greenhouses, the desired transplant time is the 20th of May.

How to plant seedlings

Water the wells abundantly, irrigate the soil in which the seedlings are grown in advance. Transplant plants without shaking off the substrate from the root system. After planting, re-irrigate, put a thick mulch layer (sawdust, bark).

If the planting was carried out on the beds, the first days you need to monitor the air temperature. It is better to cover the plants with mats or foil at night. Only after the bushes grow and take root, refuse to use coverings.

Crop care rules

Caring for a Japanese dwarf is little different from growing others varieties of eggplant... The main rule is to create comfortable conditions for plants - to provide regular watering, nutrients, to start fighting diseases and pests in a timely manner.

How to water a plant

Use only warm liquid to irrigate the soil. An excess of moisture is detrimental to the bushes - it is better to irrigate more often, but add a little water. A mandatory rule is to irrigate the soil on the surface of the soil, especially during the period of plant development. After the start of fruiting, watering is allowed to be carried out on the leaves, but this should be done only in cool, cloudy weather.

How to feed properly

Top dressing should be started 2-4 weeks after planting young plants in the garden. Fresh organic matter is strictly prohibited - it is a source of disease for blue ones. Use mineral formulations for the first fertilization. The last feeding is carried out with mullein infusion. The regularity of the nutrient formulations is every 2-4 weeks.

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Weed removal and hilling

The mulching layer, laid during the transplantation of plants, will save you from weeds. If mulch was not used, you will have to do weeding, which is better done often, trying to loosen the soil at the same time as removing weeds.

Hilling is not necessary - the bushes are compact, hold firmly in the ground. If the stem is too bare and the roots are washed on the surface with water, it is recommended to sprinkle them with a small amount of soil and put mulch.

Pruning

For the full development of plants, it is recommended to pinch. After the bush has reached 30 centimeters in height, remove the top of the main stem. Watch out for lateral shoots - you only need to leave 3-5 powerful branches, remove the rest.

Pest control methods

Of the pests on the Japanese dwarf eggplant, slugs and aphids can be found. Treatments are carried out with insecticides or home remedies (infusion of pepper or tobacco, per liter of water - 50 grams of spicy substance). Slugs are best collected by hand.

The use of chemicals is permitted during the growing and flowering period. Stop using drugs 2-3 weeks before harvesting - plants are able to accumulate harmful substances that are excreted for quite a long time.

How to protect a crop from disease

The most dangerous diseases that can destroy the adult plants of the Japanese dwarf are fusarium and black leg. It is not recommended to use drugs to fight diseases. The only way to cope with diseases is to ensure the correct watering regime and temperature.

An excess of moisture is completely eliminated - reduce the amount of water, carry out frequent loosening, remove leaves and stems affected by the disease.

Preventive measures against diseases of the Japanese dwarf are regular treatments with Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate. It is imperative to ensure that the soil is moistened moderately - excess water is the main enemy of plants. It is also not recommended to thicken the bushes - this threatens the spread of diseases.

When and how to harvest

It is recommended to harvest the fruits of the Japanese dwarf during the period of technical maturity - the shade of the eggplant should not be too dark. The blue ones are ripening in the storage room.

For harvesting, use a pruner - to remove the fruit with a small part of the stalk. Send for storage or recycling immediately.

Further storage

Use dark, cold rooms to store the Japanese dwarf. The lower shelf of the refrigerator or the cellar is suitable for these purposes. Place fruits in one layer in boxes.

Be sure to regularly check the condition of the eggplant. If rot or traces of spoilage appear on the blue ones, use immediately for cooking, cutting out suspicious places.

The Japanese dwarf is a variety that has received recognition from many gardeners for its excellent taste and unpretentious cultivation. The only drawback of the culture is that the shelf life does not exceed 1 month, even if the required temperature regime is provided, so it is better, after harvesting, to send the fruits for processing.