Description and characteristics of pear varieties Severyanka, types and rules of cultivation
The name of the pear is not accidental, Severyanka is a frost-resistant hybrid intended for northern regions with a cold climate. The form is old, well-known. The Severyanka pear was entered into the state register back in 1965. The author is P.N. Yakovlev - an employee of the All-Russian Research Institute named after I.V. Michurin. The parental forms of Koperechka Michurinskaya No. 12 x Lyubimitsa Klappa were used in this work.
Description and full characteristics of the Severyanka pear
The variety has not lost its relevance. Now the Severyanka pear is popular among the gardeners of the Urals. You can meet her in Siberian gardens and in the Far East. The fruits have a universal purpose, a list of the main characteristics:
- below average size;
- weight 80 g;
- blunt-conical shape;
- the main color of a ripe fruit is yellow, integumentary, pale pink, blurred;
- the color of the pulp is cream;
- satisfactory taste, high juiciness;
- the pulp is crispy, dense.
Tree height
The wide-pyramidal crown is formed by strong branches of medium thickness, covered with a smooth gray bark. Adult specimens reach 5-6 meters in height, the hybrid belongs to the group of medium-sized plants. Leaves are glossy, dark green, serrated along the edge. The flowers are pure white. There can be more than 5 of them in one inflorescence.
Life span
When planting a pear of the Severyanka variety in your garden, you can count on long-term fruiting. The life span of a pear is 35 to 60 years.
Pollinators
Self-fertility in a pear is low. In the absence of pollinating varieties in the garden, it sets only 35% of the fruits. According to gardeners, the best pollinator for Severyanka is the old Pamyati Yakovlev variety.
Cyclic fruiting
The form has no periodicity of fruiting. Severyanka gives its first harvest at the age of 3-4 years, does not rest, blooms and bears fruit annually.
Yield
The average yield of an adult Severyanka pear is from 45 to 60 kg. If the weather is favorable, up to 100 kg of fruit can be harvested from one tree. The highest yields are recorded in pears over 8 years old.
Resistance to environmental conditions and diseases
The variety is resistant to scab pathogens, rarely suffers from fungal diseases. Immunity decreases after the tree freezes. It is after abnormally cold winters that pests attack trees. Drought resistance is not high.
Winter hardiness
The variety is frost-resistant with good regeneration ability. Mature trees can withstand 50-degree frosts. Such cases were described by gardeners from Ufa. Only young trees suffered from short-term frosts of 50 ° C. In winters, when frosts stood at 40 ° C for a long time, the above-ground part of the trees froze strongly, but recovered quickly.
Varieties
At first, the hybrid was called Severyanka Yakovleva. Over time, it was reduced, the pear, bred by P.N. Yakovlev, began to be called simply Severyanka. It was used in breeding work. When crossed with another variety, a new form of Severyanka red-cheeked was obtained. The variety is summer, the fruits ripen in mid-August.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
For many years, the Severyanka pear has earned a good reputation among gardeners. There are undoubtedly disadvantages of the variety, but their advantages overlap.
| pros | Minuses |
| Frost resistance | Lack of moisture affects the size and taste of the fruit |
| Recovers quickly after freezing | Ripe pears crumble |
| Compact crown, convenient for harvesting, processing | Short shelf life of the crop |
| Early maturation | Fruits are not subject to long-term transportation |
| Yield |
Growing pears
For Severyanka, loamy and sandy loam soils are more suitable. The groundwater level should be no higher than 2 m. The degree of crown illumination affects the quality of the crop.
Timing
Seedlings are planted in spring from April to early May, in autumn - all October... In warm regions, they prefer to plant Severyanka in the fall.
Technology and agricultural engineering
The soil is prepared 7-14 days before planting. Prepare a pit 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.6 m in size. The fertile layer is mixed with 2-3 buckets of humus, superphosphate and potassium nitrate are added. A stake is driven into the center of the pit.
A pile of earth is poured at the bottom. The seedling is placed on the south side of the support, the roots are straightened along the perimeter of the mound, and covered with soil. Control that the root collar is above ground level (5-7 cm). A hole is formed, 3-4 buckets of water are poured into it.
What is better to grow from
The easiest way to propagate the Severyanka pear is with ready-made seedlings purchased from the nursery. Experienced gardeners practice propagation by layering, seeds, cuttings.
Distance between trees
The crown of Severyanka is wide, the tree needs a large feeding area and bright lighting. There should be no structures, tall trees at a distance of less than 5 m from the trunk of the pear.
Tree care
The yield of the Severyanka pear directly depends on the quality of care. The tree and the trunk circle are processed. The soil is loosened, mulched with manure, cleared of weeds.
The tree is fed, the state of the crown is monitored, and preventive treatments are carried out with copper-containing preparations and fungicides.
Fertilization
An approximate feeding scheme is shown in the table. The working solution is prepared according to the instructions. Fertilizer consumption is carried out based on the size of the crown.
| Time | Fertilizer |
| At the beginning of the growing season | Ammonium nitrate |
| After flowering | Nitroammofoska |
| In autumn | Superphosphate + potassium chloride |
Watering rules
Lack of moisture affects the palatability of the fruit. They become smaller, the pulp becomes tough, not tasty. If there is little rainfall, the trees are watered every week. As many buckets are spent on one tree as it is.
Rejuvenation
Sanitary and formative pruning is carried out for young trees. With age, the yield decreases, there is no growth of shoots. To rejuvenate the tree, the crown is made more rarefied. First of all, old, damaged branches are cut. Remove shoots growing inside the crown, curved. Strong pruning stimulates the growth of young shoots.
Diseases and pests
After a frosty winter, a weakened tree may experience a fire blight.The immunity of Severyanka is remarkable, but the probability of scab, fruit rot cannot be excluded by 100%. Of the pests, an invasion should be feared:
- pear leaf gall midge;
- hawthorn butterflies.
The advantage of the hybrid is its resistance to pear gall mite and moth.
Harvesting and storage
The yellow color of the fruit is a signal for harvesting. All fruits ripen from 10 to 30 August. Their flesh becomes brown and inedible if left on the tree for longer. Ripe fruits crumble, so harvesting begins a week before they are fully ripe. Pears removed in time can be stored at temperatures close to 2 ° C for up to 2 months.
What regions is the variety more adapted to?
The variety was entered into the State Register in 1964. Pear Severyanka was recommended for cultivation in Primorsky Territory, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Altai, Kurgan and Chelyabinsk Regions, Bashkiria, Volga-Vyatka and Middle Volga regions.
Severyanka pear is not suitable for industrial cultivation, but it is irreplaceable in amateur gardens of Siberia, the Far East and the Urals. Care for an adult tree is minimal, and the yield of the Severyanka variety is always at its best.
