Description of cherry plum variety Nayden, planting technology, care and pruning
In many regions of Russia, due to its unpretentiousness, the cherry plum is popular. How this culture won the love of gardeners, what features it has, what are its advantages and disadvantages - our article will help you find out.
Breeding history of the variety
Alycha Nayden was bred by breeders in Crimea by combining varieties of two plum trees - Chinese Skoroplodnaya and Russian Dessertnaya.
This variety was added to the State Register in 1993. Initially, the fruit tree was cultivated in the Lower Volga and Central Black Earth regions, but later the experience of growing in other, less favorable weather and climatic conditions, territories turned out to be successful.
Description
Wood
The tree can reach a height of 3 meters, has a smooth gray trunk. The crown is medium-dense, rounded, slightly flat. Shoots are thick, horizontal, usually green to brownish red. The leaves are oval, large, the color of the leaves is light green, medium shiny. The apex of the leaf is pointed, the edges are serrated.
Flower buds open in April, each bud developing two small flowers with white petals and a large number of stamens. Plum blossom continues for about a week.
Fruit
Plum Nayden has medium to large fruits. The fruit is oval, slightly deformed. The skin is firm and elastic. They have a weakly expressed waxy coating. Coloring is mainly red-violet tones. You can also see a lot of small yellow dots.
The pulp has medium fiber and density, orange tint. Cherry plum fruits are moderately juicy. The bone is removed from the center with little difficulty. The taste is more sweet than sour. It is noteworthy that due to the thick, strong legs, the fruits, even after ripening, do not fall to the ground for a long time, remaining fresh and of high quality.
Culture characteristics
Frost and drought resistant
The plum variety Naydena has excellent winter hardiness. However, it is not as drought tolerant.
What diseases and pests are dangerous for the tree
This culture is not particularly susceptible to diseases or insect damage, however, if the rules for planting and caring for the plant are not followed, conditions can be unwittingly created for the development of diseases and the appearance of parasites.
For cherry plum, diseases such as:
- coccomycosis (fungal disease);
- moniliosis;
- clasterosporium disease.
Also, pests are dangerous for the tree:
- mite;
- slimy sawer;
- aphid.
Found persistently survives diseases and pests, but do not forget about preventive treatments.
Pollinators and flowering
Plum variety Found self-fertile. If you want to get a good harvest, your tree needs pollinators. To do this, cherry plum must be planted in an area close to other varieties of plums.
The best pollinators for cherry plum found:
- Traveler;
- Gift to St. Petersburg;
- Not laughing;
- Vitba;
- Mara.
Independent, artificial pollination is also possible with the help of special pollinators for the garden.
Features of fruiting and yield of the variety
By planting this variety of plum, you will harvest a large number of fruits every year, since high yields are one of the main qualities of this crop.
In the southern regions, harvests of up to 100 kilograms were recorded per tree. Nayden begins to bear fruit in mid-July.
Where are the fruits used?
Found begins to bear fruit just 2 years after planting. Cherry plum fruits are tasty enough to be consumed freshly harvested. They are also good for preservation for future use.
Fresh fruits contain many beneficial substances for the body, and processed ones make delicious desserts.
Options for keeping fruits for a long time:
- freezing;
- juice, compote;
- jam, jam, jam.
Advantages and disadvantages
It stands out favorably among other cherry plum Found due to the following qualities:
- tasty fruits;
- high level of resistance to cold;
- fruits remain on the tree for a long time;
- high harvests every year;
- resistant to various diseases;
- early;
- good level of adaptation to weather;
- resistance of fruits to transportation.
However, there are also some disadvantages:
- cherry plum needs pollinators because it is self-fertile;
- the bone is difficult to separate from the pulp.
Landing technology
Determining the terms
As a rule, under closed root conditions, seedlings are planted from April to October. If the root system is open, the plant is planted with the arrival of spring.
Optimal drop-off location
You should not plant cherry plum on flooded and swampy soils, excessive moisture is destructive for a tree. Also, the soil should not be heavy. Choose a sunny area protected from the winds. Such protection can be a slope, a fence, or other trees.
Recommended and contraindicated neighborhood
A good neighborhood will ensure you planting nearby cherry plum. Also, the tree gets along well with gooseberries, black currants and other shrubs.
Do not plant fruit trees next to the plum. However, the apple tree can be an exception.
Seedling preparation
When choosing a seedling, carefully examine it. The plant must have a good root system. Also pay attention to the crown and trunk of the tree. The foliage must be healthy and the trunk free from cracks.
Seedlings should be purchased in the fall, at which time you will have much more choice.For the winter, the seedlings should be stored in a cool place, where the temperature will be from 0 to +5 degrees.
Landing scheme
Before planting, the seedling should be inspected again. If the root system is open, there should be at least 5 branches on it. Also check for root damage. Old roots must be removed.
A hole is dug in advance. The recommended depth is about 70-80 centimeters. The diameter may be about the same.Depending on the composition and quality of the land on your site, you can add to the pit:
- sand;
- peat;
- turf;
- lime.
Fertilizers - potassium and superphosphate - will not be superfluous.
When starting to plant, in the center of the hole you need to form a mound and place a peg on it. Attach the seedling tightly to the peg, carefully spreading the roots around. After that, the seedling is covered with earth, the soil next to the plant is compacted.
Cherry plum immediately after planting needs abundant watering.
Care Found
Irrigation
A young plant needs more moisture than an adult. Cherry plum needs abundant watering in the first year of life. From the second year, the frequency of watering should be reduced.
The dose of water must be adjusted depending on the weather conditions. Do not overly moisturize the plant. Spill it 2-3 times over the summer.
It is worth finishing wetting the soil in August. It is not recommended to water the tree for the winter.
Top dressing
Top dressing should be done after the first fruiting. Plum is fertilized in spring, summer and autumn. In the spring, urea, mullein and superphosphate are used. In summer, superphosphate or potassium. In autumn, compost and ammonium nitrate are used.
Barrel circle care
Immediately after planting a cherry plum seedling, it is recommended to mulch, and after a few days, loosen the ground.
If your site is in an arid area, keep the trunk circle under the mulch at all times. If there is an excessive amount of moisture, it will be enough to mulch once a year or two. In this case, it is worth pouring humus, peat about 8-10 centimeters on the trunk circle.
When changing mulching, the previous layer is embedded in the soil with a shovel to a depth of 5-6 centimeters so as not to damage the roots located close to the surface.
Formative pruning
It is necessary to start trimming the crown only after the first year of the cherry plum life. This procedure is usually carried out in the spring. It is also considered a measure of preparation for winter found. Places of cuts are processed with a special garden pitch.
Remember that pruning on time will help you harvest more.
Prevention of diseases and pests
Cherry plum Naydena rarely suffers from diseases and insects, but prevention should not be discounted. For coccomycosis and clotterosporia in autumn and spring, a solution of Bordeaux mixture is used to treat the plant.
Cutting off damaged shoots and treating them with fungicides will save you from moniliosis. Cleaning old bark, removing affected leaves and branches will help against pests. Also, when fighting parasites, the tree is sprayed with insecticides, novocaine or karbofos. To prevent the plum from being injured by rodents, it must be protected with a net.
Cooking cherry plum tree for winter
Preparing for winter is an important procedure that must be taken extremely responsibly. In the fall, it is necessary to remove fallen fruits and leaves, carefully dig up the soil near the trunk.
By whitening the trunk of a plum before winter, you prevent sunburn. In winter, the thickness of the snow cover should not be more than a meter, in which case the snow must be trampled down. It is also recommended to put on a sheet iron casing 40 centimeters in diameter on the trunk of the cherry plum. It is important that there are no twigs under the cover.
From above, the tree is wrapped with mesh and burlap. Such wintering saves the cherry plum from rodents, podoprevanie and freezing.
Conclusion
This fruit tree is cultivated in many regions of Russia for a reason. Cherry plum Naydena is an unpretentious culture, resistant to weather and climatic conditions. The fruits of the plant have a pleasant taste and retain their shape for a long time. Taking care of the tree is not difficult and with due care the cherry plum will delight you with high yields every year.
Even with the listed disadvantages, this cherry plum variety can be recommended for planting on the site. It is suitable for those who love fruits with a slight sourness.
