How and how to spray grapes in July for treatment against diseases and pests

Grapes are a noble, tasty, dietary and healing berry that comes from the depths of centuries. The dignity of grapes is the production of various varieties of wines and spirits, for which they serve as raw materials. The main goal of gardeners is to grow a rich harvest, which cannot be done without treating the vine from pests and diseases throughout the summer, especially in July, during the formation of the future harvest.

Do I need to process grapes?

Despite the fact that grapes are a thermophilic plant, there are many varieties that are zoned in the Middle Strip and even in the northern regions of the country. To obtain a stable large yield, a competent approach to agricultural technology and methods of crop cultivation is necessary, taking preventive measures against pests and diseases, and in case of diseases - knowledge of measures to combat plant diseases and pests.

Spraying vineyards with chemicals is the main way to prevent and combat diseases, a guarantee of growing and harvesting a rich harvest.

When to process?

The grapes are processed several times during the season. For modern grape varieties, it is enough to process them no more than 4 times, which will provide complete protection against pests and plant diseases.Summer treatments ensure the preservation of the crop without losses. Summer treatment must be carried out during the rainy period, after precipitation, within 2 hours.

During the summer rains, pathogenic spores are lifted by the wind and spread through the air, and with the rain they settle on the leaves of plants, so you need to have time to kill them before they penetrate the plant cells.

Autumn preventive measures and disinfection of grapes allow to ensure the health of plants before wintering. Spring spraying will help ensure healthy vine growth.

When the crop ripens, when the berries pass into the stage of pouring juice and a set of sugars, they stop all work that is associated with the use of chemical toxic substances. In cases of emergency, you can resort to folk remedies using baking soda, colloidal sulfur, ash solutions or laundry soap, potassium permanganate. Before and after flowering, preventive spraying with fungicides is mandatory.

Timely disinfection measures create conditions for obtaining a rich harvest of sweet grapes.

To navigate the timing of disinfection work, you can use a calendar that details the timing, activities, drugs and treatment methods. You can find the calendar on the Internet or use the one given in our table.

Table

Carrying out the treatment of grape bushes from diseases and pests.

What is the best way to spray pests on grapes?

Fungicides are drugs related to chemical compounds, or of biological origin, which include microorganisms (fungi or bacteria), they are used in the fight against plant diseases that cause pathogenic spores of fungi and microorganisms.

Fungicides are divided into systemic and contact drugs:

• systemic fungicides penetrate into plant cells and kill fungal spores inside the plant, rains do not weaken the effectiveness of the drugs;
• contact fungicides work on the principle of surface action, they cover the plant with a protective enveloping film, preventing the entry and introduction of pathogenic spores into the plant, they are washed off with water;
• biofungicides contain fungal spores or strains of microorganisms that are stronger than pathogenic microflora;
• combined fungicides have systemic and contact properties, their advantages: they can be used for diseases and for protection from pests.

For pests, drugs are used - acaricides (literally: drugs that kill ticks): Mitak, Neoron, Talstar, Aktellik, Fakstak, Mitak, colloidal sulfur. Iron vitriol is a universal solution that relieves the plant from diseases and pests.

In addition to direct harm to leaves, shoots, berries, pathogenic strains and fungal spores are spread by insects. Insects do double harm to plants. The combined fungicide Nitrafen will help in the fight against both diseases and pests. The choice of preparations for insects must be approached selectively.

Means for the treatment of grapes from diseases

For the treatment of grapes from diseases, there is a wide range of preparations - fungicides:

• systemic fungicides: Topaz, Strobi, Horus, Quadris;
• contact fungicides: Cuprolux, Hom, Sedakol, Bordeaux liquid, Aniga-Peak;
• combined fungicides: Nitrafen, Sodium polysulfide, Delan, Cuproxat, Pennkoceb;
• biofungicides: Mikosan-V, Trichodermin, Pentafag-S, Planriz.

These are highly effective drugs for diseases caused by spores and strains of pathogenic microorganisms on plants. Universal and oldest drugs from grape diseases: Bordeaux liquid and vitriol.

With the help of fungicides, pathogens of plant diseases are destroyed, but it is impossible to cure diseased leaves and shoots. Damaged plant parts must be removed.

How to properly handle grapes?

For the effective use of insecticides and fungicides, it is necessary to know not only their properties, but also the rules for spraying:

• in the evening, after sunset, as the sun's rays, refracting through water droplets, burn the leaves;
• in calm weather, otherwise the preparations are carried by the wind and evaporate quickly, the treatment effect decreases;
• from the top of the bush down, with the capture of the stem and root part;
• spraying after rain - within 2 hours after the end of the rain (but moisture from the leaves must evaporate before processing);
• when processing, use protective clothing, rubber gloves, goggles.

How to properly organize protection against pathogenic microflora and harmful organisms? Maintaining personal records of observations of the behavior of grapes in different weather conditions and the occurrence of diseases, take off measures to combat. All this can be reflected in the form of schemes that will help in the future to timely and effectively carry out preventive work and control of pests and diseases.

Ready-made grape processing schemes can be found on various sites on the Internet. On the net you can find "Scheme for the treatment of vines from diseases, from Syngeta. Grapes 2017 ". This diagram shows a detailed timetable for the processing of grapes. Syngenta is the largest company in Switzerland that produces seeds and plant protection products against diseases and pests.

Disinfection of planting material

After purchasing seedlings or grape cuttings, the planting material is disinfected, which will save you from subsequent troubles in the fight against diseases.

To disinfect the shanks, they use: ethyl alcohol - 70% solution, whiteness solution (1/2 cup per 1 liter of water), 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, pesticide solution (60 grams of malofos per 8 liters of water). Before planting, the shafts are dipped for 5 minutes in disinfectant solutions, washed with water, and the sections are updated. The seedlings will not withstand such a procedure, due to the delicate root system. They are cleaned of the ground, dipped in a clay mash (prepared in a solution of karbofos) or in an aqueous solution of karbofos for a few seconds, placed in a plastic bag for a day, and planted in the ground. The condition of the seedlings is at rest (without swollen buds).

Preventive treatment

Timely preventive work on garden plots and vineyards is the key to a rich harvest.

To prevent infection, there is a set of measures, the implementation of which excludes the spread of diseases and pests:

• selection of a planting site for culture in a high and ventilated area;
• watering grapes at the root;
• bush formation, pruning dried shoots;
• weeding and harvesting fallen leaves;
• competent fertilization;
• mulching with needles;
• preventive treatment with fungicides and acaricides.

Preventive spraying is carried out regardless of the presence of pests and diseases:

• before flowering - Ridomol Gold (mildew) and Topaz (oidium);
• after flowering - Quadris or Strobi (antifungal drugs); from gray rot - Switch or Cantus;
• from pests, special-purpose drugs are chosen.

By the end of July, all treatments with pesticides and pesticides are stopped, as this leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the berries. The combination of therapeutic and prophylactic treatments is the key to preventing the development of the disease and destroying pests.

Take a look also

Instructions for the use of the fungicide Falcon for grapes and the duration