Description and characteristics of the Borovinka apple variety, the history of the species and cultivation features
For the site, the summer resident selects the species for a long time, taking into account the characteristics of the trees. As a result, varieties remain that suit the needs of the family. Borovinka is an early ripening apple tree. To grow a good harvest, you need to take into account some of the subtleties of growing and planting fruit crops.
The history of the origin of the variety
The apple tree has several names, by which summer residents distinguish it. The most widespread and frequently used, including in the State Register, is Borovinka. The exact place of origin is unknown. Some sources suggest that this is a variety of folk selection, and it was bred by a Tula gardener who bore the name Bravin. Someone suggests that these apples are named so because they grew in a forest. In the 1870s, the scientist Rytvin described them as unfit for food. And the first description of the variety was given by Bolotov at the beginning of the 19th century.
Advantages and disadvantages
The presence of minuses does not mean that the variety is bad. Sometimes a large number of positive characteristics help compensate for the negative properties of the tree.
Pros:
- apples ripen early;
- high yield;
- the ability to grow in any climatic conditions;
- unpretentious care;
- high cold resistance;
- immunity to disease;
- resistance to pest attacks;
- universality of application;
- long shelf life;
- portability of transportation at any distance.
Minuses:
- taste characteristics are low, apples are sour;
- drought and scab instability;
- the frequency of fruiting.
The gardener, given the shortcomings, grows several different varieties of apple trees so as not to be left without a crop.
Description
Studying the information will help the summer resident familiarize himself with the criteria for an apple tree. Correctly position on the site and carry out competent care.
Appearance
The tree reaches 4.5 m in height. The crown diameter is 5 m. Skeletal branches are rare.
Disease resistance
Borovinka is highly susceptible to scab, therefore, preventive treatments are required. The apple tree resists other diseases on its own.
Winter hardiness
The high degree of frost resistance allows the tree to be grown throughout Russia. The apple tree is able to withstand a strong drop in temperature.
Self-fertility
To increase yields, pollinating varieties are necessarily planted nearby. The Borovinka apple tree is self-fertile.
Fruit taste
Some summer residents consider apples to be tasteless. Tasting score 4.4 points. The taste is sweet and sour, for an amateur. The smell is great.
Types of rootstocks
The apple tree is grown on different rootstocks. Most often used:
- Forest apple tree;
- apple tree Berry;
- apple-tree East.
It is worth remembering that Borovinka is not compatible with the Golden Kitayka apple tree.
The nuances of ripening and fruiting
Knowing the peculiarities of fruiting and ripening, the summer resident correctly collects the crop, stores it and uses it for food.
Apple pollinators
It is recommended to plant several varieties, then the yield will be high. Better to plant:
- Anise;
- Antonovka;
- Astrakhan white or Red and other types.
Compliance with this rule will allow you to get high yields every year.
Timing
Correctly planted trees bloom and bear fruit on time. It is difficult to specify the exact dates, because they depend on the climatic conditions of the region of residence.
The beginning of fruiting
In the 4th year, the apple tree bears its first fruits. Subject to the technology of planting and subsequent care.
Fruit ripening
Apples in the southern regions are ready by the end of summer, and in the northern regions in early autumn. Up to 100 kg are harvested from one tree.
Collection and storage of apples
Creating the right conditions helps keep fruits fresh until the end of winter. Apples are carefully removed from the tree, placed in wooden boxes, laid with paper. In this form, they persist for a long time.
It is important to observe the temperature and humidity conditions in the storage room.
In which areas is landing possible
Due to its characteristics, Borovinka is grown throughout Russia and in neighboring states.
How to grow an apple tree in the garden
You need to choose the right place, pick up a seedling and plant a tree. The rest of the planting process does not differ from other fruit crops.
Seedling preparation
It is advisable to purchase a 2-year-old planting material. They buy it in advance, preferably in the fall. Since many plan to plant in the spring, the plant must be properly preserved. It is buried in the garden or lowered into the basement. The roots are pre-dipped in a mixture of mullein and clay.
Before planting, they are placed in a solution that stimulates root growth for several hours.
Required soil
The Borovinka apple tree grows on any soil, but it feels better on black soil, loam or sandy loam soil. Before digging, humus and mineral fertilizers are applied.
Landing time and scheme
Before the sap flow begins, the planting material must be planted in the ground. The distance between the trees is 5-6 m, between the rows is 7 m. A large pit is prepared, dimensions 70-80 cm deep, 100 cm in diameter. Fill with a mixture of earth, peat and river sand. Then a mound is formed, a seedling is installed on it, sprinkled with earth to the root collar.
How to care
Correct care is half the battle. It is necessary to comply with the norms for watering and feeding. Trim and shape the crown in a timely manner.
Watering and feeding
Water the tree frequently, 2-4 times a week. The tree is not resistant to drought, therefore moisture should be rationed.Compliance with watering norms lays down the future harvest.
The tree is fed 4-5 times per season: in spring, autumn and in the middle of summer. Complex mineral fertilizers and organic matter alternate.
Treatment against pests and infections
In order for the apple tree to grow and develop normally, it is necessary to treat it against pests and diseases.Borovinka is resistant to most cultural diseases, therefore, it is enough only to carry out preventive measures.
Against scab, they are treated with fungicides.
Pruning
The first year, the entire ovary is cut off. It is imperative to form a crown. This will help stabilize the crop. In the fall, remove all dry and deformed branches. And in the spring they carry out formative pruning. Skeletal branches are shortened, and the excess shoots growing inside the crown are completely removed.
Preparing for the winter period
The Borovinka apple tree is frost-resistant. But summer residents, for their own peace of mind, cover the trunk circle for the winter. Use mulch or other material that is on hand.
Subspecies and variants
There are several varieties of the Borovinka apple tree. They have minor differences from each other.
Red
The fruits grow small, with an average weight of 100 g. A distinctive feature is covered with a red blush. It is resistant to diseases and frost.
Altai
Apples of a light yellow hue, slightly flattened, weighing less than 100 g. The tree grows low, the crown is pyramidal. The yield and frost resistance are low.
Pineapple
The fruits are sweet, they are stored for a long time. The variety belongs to the winter. Apples weigh up to 120 g. It is immune to scab and other diseases of the culture.
Creeping
The Borovinka variety is grown in this form. For this, the crown is formed, or initially the seedling is planted at an angle. Then it is bent to the ground. Apple trees grown in this way are easier to cover for the winter.
Speckled
This is the name of Borovinka, one of several names by which this variety is known.
Akulovskaya
Weak immunity and frost resistance. This variety is grown in warm regions. Apples weigh 70-95 g, the fruit is green. The top layer is slightly pinkish.
Sergeeva
This is a summer variety of apple trees. The fruits weigh 150 g, the shelf life is short. Suitable for all types of processing and fresh consumption.
Rose superb
Ripens early. Fruits are stored for no more than 2 weeks. Apples are greenish-yellow, covered with a blush. Care is no different from other types of fruit crops. Borovinka is an unpretentious, fruitful and persistent apple tree. Growing it in the garden makes it easier for the gardener.
