Ways and methods of breeding sea buckthorn at home
Every gardener who grows shrubs is interested in the reproduction of sea buckthorn. Various varieties of seedlings are available for sale. But sometimes it is required to repeat a plant of a rare or folk species. In this case, you will have to do reproduction yourself.
Several breeding methods are known. But not all of them retain the parental qualities of the plant. In this case, the gardener will receive sea buckthorn with the most unexpected characteristics.
Timing of procurement of planting material
The timing of the preparation of planting material depends on the chosen breeding method. In the fall, seeds and completely lignified cuttings are harvested for spring planting. In summer, green twigs are prepared for June cuttings.
Sea buckthorn propagation methods and technology
To grow a sea buckthorn that completely repeats the parental characteristics, all possible methods of reproduction should be studied.
Undergrowth
Wild sea buckthorn reproduces perfectly by root shoots. And all the old varieties give an abundance of shoots that litter the site. They should be carefully separated from the mother plant and transplanted to a new location. Modern varieties with improved characteristics are often grafted onto wild-growing sea buckthorn. In this case, this breeding method is not suitable: the gardener will receive a root offspring from the wild.
Difficulties of the method:
- when cutting off the process, the root of the mother plant is injured;
- when removing a young bush, its root system is damaged.
Method advantages:
- it is known in advance whether this plant is male or female;
- a healthy sea buckthorn is obtained for 1-2 years;
- the bush takes root easily and soon begins to bear fruit.
It is important to remember: the plant should be chosen at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the central trunk of the mother sea buckthorn.
Lignified cuttings
Lignified cuttings begin to root as soon as the soil warms up slightly. For the success of the operation, it is important to properly store the planting material. How to act correctly:
- Cuttings are cut in late autumn (late October - early November).
- The temperature during collection of cuttings should be positive. This is required for the safety of the mother plant.
- The length of the handle is 15-20 cm, and the thickness is 0.5 cm.
- The cuttings are wrapped in a damp linen cloth and placed in the refrigerator.
- When the snow falls, the fabric with the cuttings is buried and stored until spring.
- In the spring, cuttings are placed on a previously prepared area. They are buried at an angle of 45 degrees, leaving 3-4 buds above the ground.
- The area with the school is regularly moistened.
The next year, the rooted sea buckthorn is planted in a permanent place.
Green cuttings
With this method of propagation, new green cuttings up to 0.5 cm thick are taken. They are cut so that there are 5-6 buds. The upper cut is made straight and filled with melted wax. The bottom cut is made at an angle of 45 degrees. The lower end is dipped in a root stimulator. The cuttings are rooted in water. In this case, the liquid should only slightly cover the cut.
To prevent rapid evaporation, it is recommended to make a greenhouse over the container. To do this, holes are pierced in a plastic bag for gas exchange, and the bag itself is put on the container and secured with an elastic band. The container is placed in a place where sunlight is scattered. After 2-3 weeks, roots are formed, and the sea buckthorn is planted for growing in a school.
Bush division
This method is used when replacing an old plant with a new one. It is traumatic and often new plants do not take root. In addition, the delenka completely inherits the diseases of the maternal sea buckthorn.
How to proceed:
- Dig up the mother plant carefully. Free the root system from excess soil.
- Chop the root with an ax. Trim damaged and diseased roots.
- Reduce the ground part of the plant accordingly.
- Plant the delenka in a pre-prepared planting pit and water it well.
This breeding method is recommended in autumn.
Layers
The method differs from propagation by root suckers in that it is possible to obtain a self-rooted shoot with the characteristics of the mother plant.
Sequencing:
- in the spring they choose a healthy shoot and pin it to the ground;
- sprinkle with earth on top;
- the top is cut off (so that all the forces of the branch go to the formation of roots);
- further care consists in timely moistening of the soil at the pinning site.
The rooted plant is planted in its permanent place the following spring. Disadvantage of the method: some varieties cannot winter on their own roots.
Vaccination
This breeding method is preferred by gardeners with small areas. For grafting, varietal cuttings should be prepared in advance. For inoculation, use the method in the butt or in the split. Sea buckthorn should be propagated in this way in early spring (before the start of sap flow). But varietal cuttings do not always take root, so you should stock up on planting material in abundance.
Seeds
The method is not the most effective, since the daughter sea buckthorns do not inherit the characteristics of the mother plant. But at the same time, it allows you to get a huge amount of planting material. Young bushes are recommended to be used for landscaping or strengthening precipices, landslides, river banks.
We prepare the seed
Seeds are taken only from fully ripe berries. The fruits should be kneaded, rinsed with plenty of cold water, and removed from pulp and films. Then put on a napkin and dry. The shelf life of the seed is up to 3 years.
How to plant with seeds
Seeds require stratification to germinate. The dried seeds are placed in a cloth bag and dropped into the snow. The place of the prikop is marked in order to quickly dig out the seeds in the spring. In this state, the material is kept until the snow melts. As soon as the soil warms up to 5-7 degrees, the hatched seeds are placed in a pre-prepared school.
After germination, the seedlings are thinned out twice: the first time in the phase of 2 true leaves, the second in phase 8.Sea buckthorn is ready to be planted in a permanent place 2 years after sowing.
Germinating sea buckthorn from seeds at home
It can be done at home.To do this, the seeds are soaked for 2-3 hours, and then dried on a napkin and wrapped in a cloth. The cloth with the seeds is placed in the fruit bowl of the refrigerator and kept there for a month.
The fabric is periodically checked and, if necessary, dampened. This method of germination should be carried out in the first ten days of March in order to sow seeds in the school in early April.
But you can stratify in January, and in February sow the hatched seeds in a greenhouse. It is recommended to put the greenhouse in a warm place, and after the emergence of shoots - on the windowsill. For the normal development of seedlings, it is recommended to highlight them with an agrolamp.
Terms and rules for transplanting sea buckthorn seedlings into open ground
It is recommended to transplant young sea buckthorns from an indoor greenhouse into open ground only after the soil has warmed up to 15 degrees. And it is required to take into account the absence of return frosts: they will destroy the sea buckthorn.
Usually, the optimal time for placing seedlings in a school in the open field is late April - early May. Previously, the greenhouse is recommended to be exposed to the open air for 2 weeks to harden the sea buckthorn.
