Project and drawings of a cowshed for 10 heads, how to build a farm with your own hands
Every farmer would like to know how to correctly calculate the materials for a cowshed for 10 adult heads. First you need to determine what is required for future construction. Choose a suitable option for yourself, materials. On a cattle farm, it is necessary to provide animals with comfortable living conditions. And provide for all the little things. Then the barn will last a long time and will be useful.
Drawings and dimensions
The dimensions, the place of construction of the barn are pre-determined, the necessary calculations are made. The time spent on the creation of a farm project will pay off handsomely, save a lot of effort, materials and funds. The idea of a farm, materials can be your own or borrowed from the network. For example, as in the video:
The ratio between the number of animals and the occupied area of the farm must be taken into account (reference data are given in the table):
A certain scheme of placement on the farm of areas for walking, milking, feeding cows is used. For example, this:
When designing a barn, the base area is taken into account, the established standards for keeping depending on the weight of the animals:
The more thoroughly the cowshed project is worked out, the fewer problems will arise in the process of construction, arrangement of premises and installation of equipment in the farm corrals. Using ready-made solutions is a profitable way to reduce labor costs, not to “reinvent the wheel” where it makes no sense.
In addition, in the tested options for barns, the required dimensions, communications, the layout of window and door openings, and sewerage are already taken into account. All that remains is to choose a barn for the required number of animals and start selling.
Barn requirements
Any structure, be it a shed for adult bulls or a mini-farm for keeping young animals, must meet specific requirements. This means there are places in the barn for lying, feeding, milking. In summer, the barn protects animals from the heat, in winter - from cold and drafts. Cows are sensitive to temperature changes and easily get sick if not provided with proper housing conditions.
Dividing the barn into separate compartments is mandatory. Undoubtedly, it is worth providing separate entrances and exits from each block on the farm, as well as an independent entrance for people. The cowshed will become for animals their permanent habitat outside the pasture. Therefore, it is not worth saving on comfort and equipment.
With careful care of the cow, young animals will begin to gain weight, milk and meat.That is, to fulfill the goals that the owners pursued when creating the farm. When choosing a barn design, take into account the possibilities, the availability of materials for the construction of a barn. The barn wall material should not only be warm for the winter season, but also have sufficient rigidity and strength. Withstand contact with animals without damage, loss of bearing capacity.
When creating small-sized barns, the following materials are most often used:
- slag blocks;
- foam concrete;
- wood;
- brick;
- adobe.
The design of the barn and the wall material are selected in advance at the design stage. Possible replacements, alterations will entail an inevitable rise in the cost of the object.
Foam concrete material has approximately the same properties: it is used to fill wall openings in civil engineering, due to its lightness, strength and ease of use. But in rural areas, getting both of these materials can be a problem. Just like the widespread brick.
For hot areas with relatively warm winters, adobe can be recommended for the barn. An environmentally friendly material obtained by natural drying of clay with an admixture of straw, molded into special molds. The disadvantages of adobe are as follows: it cracks in the sun, requires protection from the effects of precipitation, before starting construction, it is necessary to prepare enough "bricks".
Wood seems to be a good material for building agricultural buildings. Lightweight, relatively cheap and durable, but not without flaws. The tree is susceptible to decay, fungi and pests, hygroscopic, flammable. The processing of the material with special compounds will help to solve these problems.
The main advantage of wood is the low weight of the structures. You can get by with manual labor, without involving expensive, energy-intensive mechanisms to create a barn. In combination with effective modern insulation, wood will allow you to build a barn quickly, efficiently and not very expensive.
The requirements for the future "cow house" are based on officially approved regulations, veterinary rules. You will not be able to give up on these circumstances, you will not be able to ignore: Rosselkhoznadzor will certainly visit future farmers more than once or twice to make sure that the conditions for keeping gobies, cows, and young animals meet the established rules.
Do not forget what kind of profile the farm under construction will be - meat, dairy or mixed. This circumstance will affect the layout, the number of barns, and their appearance. The cowshed should be located so that it is convenient for vehicles to approach (the existing road is taken into account or a new one is being built).
A barn building should not be built in a low-lying area where groundwater is close to the surface. You should not place the farm close to residential buildings: smells, noise will disturb people. And the proximity of the barn to industrial facilities will disturb the cows themselves. According to sanitary standards, the farm cannot be located near water pipes, wells, reservoirs closer than 20 meters. If further expansion of the farm is planned, this fact is taken into account in advance. On average, one animal requires about 2.2 square meters of barn space.
Tools and materials
To build a farm, a cattle barn according to all the rules, you will need materials and tools. These include:
- shovels;
- hacksaws for wood;
- a hammer;
- drill or screwdriver;
- disk power saw;
- trowel;
- buckets;
- trough;
- sand;
- crushed stone;
- cement;
- wooden beams, boards;
- nails;
- screws;
- liquid waterproofing;
- impregnation for wood;
- insulation;
- roofing materials.
It is preferable to build a cowshed for 10 heads of wood. In this case, it is permissible to do with a minimum of materials and tools. And if you cut the timber and boards to size in advance, there will be no need for a hacksaw and an electric saw. The construction of the walls of the truss from stone will require the construction of a strong foundation in order to distribute the load from the above-ground part to the ground.
The wooden walls of the farm weigh less, so a simplified scheme can be dispensed with. The number of materials is determined not by eye, but in accordance with the calculation. The rates give the approximate consumption of nails, planks, sand, gravel or cement. The material must be taken with a margin, so that later you do not have to buy it, look for a replacement.
Rules for making a cowshed for 10 heads
To avoid typical mistakes, miscalculations, you should draw up a detailed plan for the construction of a barn, broken down into stages. It will look like this:
- Excavation cycle. Layout of the construction site, digging a foundation pit.
- Foundation device. Waterproofing, laying of communications (sewerage).
- Walling. Stone masonry or timber construction.
- Overlap creation. Ventilation, wiring, water supply, roof structures.
- Insulation laying, finishing, finishing, window glazing and door / gate hinges.
- It is important during the production of work not to violate the technology, to be guided by the setting time of cement / concrete, not to proceed to the next stage until the current one is completed. Wooden structures are impregnated with compounds against decay, fire immediately or after completion of work.
If the barn will be erected not on its own, but by a contractual method, the organization is obliged to provide the customer with all the necessary documents, draw up an act of acceptance and transfer of the object.
Laying the foundation
Do-it-yourself construction of a cowshed begins with laying the foundation. At the site of the future farm, markings are made: pegs are hammered in the corners, onto which the cord is pulled. This is how the boundaries of the walls of the building, the outline of the foundation are indicated. The depth of the laying, the width at the base are determined by calculation, depending on the region, terrain conditions. Or they are accepted as standard.
Before the device of the slab, backfilling with rubble is performed, then a sand cushion is arranged. These measures are necessary to ensure the stability of the foundation, to avoid subsidence. Waterproofing is carried out by coating or pasting. Nowadays, water-soluble bituminous mastics are produced, which are easy to use and easy to apply.
The horizontality of surfaces is controlled by geodetic instruments and a building level. The strength of the strip foundation, the load resistance will become higher if reinforcement with steel rods is used. Their number, diameter and layout are determined by calculation.
The formwork for the foundation is assembled from boards. The concrete for pouring is mixed from crushed stone, sand and cement. A concrete mixer or trough of suitable size is used. Until the solution hardens (about 72 hours), you cannot proceed to the next stage. All concrete work is carried out at positive temperatures. Failure to comply with this requirement will lead to poor quality of the foundation, the appearance of cracks, shells.
Installation of floors
The floors are laid when the zero cycle work is completed, the foundation is completely seized. Of all the possible options, the most preferable is the installation of floors on a farm from a wooden board. Cement, bulk will not work, because they are cold and will cause discomfort to cows. Before the start of work, they plan and finish the sewage system, including trays for drainage.
Walling
Before starting the construction of the walls of the truss, beacons are installed, cords are pulled to determine the verticality and contour of the walls. Compliance with the parameters - by plumb line and level - is periodically monitored.
It is allowed to erect a barn in a frame way: first, columns are erected, and then the openings are sewn up with a board. The type of foundation of the truss must strictly correspond to the adopted structure, wall material. If replaced, it will be impossible to alter it.
The stage is completed by the device of a stiffening belt in the upper level, by bandaging the walls of the truss (supports) with beams. Openings for doors and windows are calculated in advance and are placed in strictly designated places.
One example of barns is shown in the video:
Installation of roof, doors and windows
The design of windows, farm doors depends on the wishes of the customer. The main condition is reliability, the presence of constipation, the absence of gaps and cracks. It is allowed to use finished products manufactured (purchased) in advance, according to the current dimensions.
The roof of the truss can be pitched or flat. Covering type - profiled sheet, tiles, shingles. It is also determined at the design stage, the required materials are ordered for it. The overlap between the barn and the roof is insulated to provide a comfortable environment for the animals.
Fastening the coating (slate, tile, profiled sheet) must withstand gusts of wind, perform the main function. Suggested options are nails, screws. For optimal placement of the coating on the beams of the truss, a crate is created taking into account the spacing of the elements (sheets, tiles).
Ventilation
Ventilation is needed not only to get rid of specific odors, but also for aeration, air movement inside the barn. It happens natural, forced, supply and exhaust. Differs in the complexity of installation, cost. Set up in full accordance with the original design of the barn.
Manure removal system
Cows are herbivores, which in the process of their vital activity produce a lot of feces and manure. It is required to provide for a system of trays embedded in the floor so that you can easily and quickly clean the pen, barn. The device of complex complexes of manure removal, as on large farms, seems inappropriate.
It will be more effective to build a central trough along the entire length of the barn. It is possible to set up a separate pit for each animal on the farm, but this will be expensive to clean. The manure storage is located outside, in a place provided with an access for transport to the farm with the possibility of pumping out.
Lighting
Standard openings in the walls of the barn are constructed at the level of 1200-1500 millimeters from the floor. When arranging windows, farms are guided by the rule: 10% of the entire area of the barn. Possibility of opening for airing, washing is provided. Most often they use polycarbonate tape, PVC bindings.
It is recommended to adhere to the following norms:
- farm stall - 50 suites;
- feeding area - 75 suites.
Cows need bright light on the farm from 4 am to 8 am. From about 4 pm its intensity is gradually reduced.
Water pipes
Water in the barn is necessary both for domestic needs and for watering animals. The number of drinkers, sinks is determined by the calculation, the needs of the farm. In winter, the water supply system on the farm should not freeze; for this, the pipes are insulated. The diameter is taken such as to ensure the head, throughput. Farm ideas can be found in the video:
