Description of the red currant variety Jonker van Tets, cultivation and care
Jonker Van Tets is a hybrid, one of the most productive red currant varieties. The variety is resistant to negative influences. The berries ripen in the second half of summer. Shrubs adorn the garden and bear many fruits. The main thing is not to violate the planting technology and regularly look after the crop.
Description and characteristics of the variety
The variety is obtained by crossing London Market currants and Faya Fertile. The plant is high-yielding (yield - 6.5 kg / bush), reaches an average of 1.7 m in height. Bushes grow vigorously, gradually becoming thick and erect. In the description of the red currant variety Jonker Van Tets, frost resistance is defined as high. The plant is rarely negatively affected by pests and the development of diseases.
The shoots are thick and flexible, so they don't break. The leaves are large, serrated, dark green in color. The kidneys are egg-shaped. Saucer-shaped flowers are as large as currant leaves, a medium-sized flower cluster contains up to 10 berries.
The fruits of the currants are large, aligned, bright red, have a rounded shape and a dense top layer. The weight of the berries is 0.75-1.5 g. The pulp contains several large seeds. The taste is pleasant, sweet with sourness. The fruits are suitable for any kind of application.
Advantages and disadvantages of currants
Jonker Van Tets red currants are often chosen for planting because of the following benefits:
- high self-pollination ；
- early maturation ；
- frost resistance ；
- resistance to the most common diseases ；
- high yield, stable ；
- large berries ；
- excellent taste of fruits;
- variety of nutrients in the composition;
- ease of care and harvesting ；
- high transportability.
The variety is not perfect, there are also disadvantages:
- increased likelihood of damage to flowers during spring frosts due to early flowering ；
- the need to use compost for the trunk circle, despite the high frost resistance.
Growing Yonker Van Tets
The plant is successfully grown in a temperate zone. The bushes tolerate cold winters and dry summers well. In spring, when the temperature fluctuates, mulching is required.
Boarding time
Usually you can buy fresh seedlings in the fall, because this is the best time to plant currants. Most often, planting is carried out in September.In this case, the plant adapts to environmental conditions before the onset of cold weather.
The beginning of September is the ideal time for growing crops in temperate climates. In the southern regions, this task can be started in October. The bush will have time to adapt to changes and will not freeze with the onset of cold weather.
Summer planting is permissible for seedlings purchased in the last month of winter, which are stored in special containers, have a closed root system and blossoming leaves.
These plants could not be sold in the fall, so they were kept in cold rooms in winter. In this case, the spring planting of currants can lead to the death of the bushes due to bright sunlight and temperature fluctuations. Such plants are not immediately planted in open ground, they are left in a greenhouse or on a windowsill until summer.
In the spring, it is not recommended to plant currants, since during this period the seedlings are sold with blossoming leaves and bare roots. As a result, they do not take root well. But if you apply some tricks, this problem can be prevented.
Site selection and preparation
For currant bushes, choose an open area with good lighting and loose soil, preferably next to a building or fence in order to provide protection from the wind. With a lack of sunlight, the fruits are less bright and sour.
The culture successfully takes root in well-aerated sandy loam and loamy soil, neutral or with a low level of acidity.
Since currant bushes react negatively to excess moisture, it is important that the selected plot of land is not waterlogged.
Selection of seedlings
A good seedling is the basis for a high yield of currants. Be sure to pay attention to the state of the root system. The roots must be well developed, not dry.
Assess the state of the branches. There should be no mold, rot spots and mechanical damage. If the branches are not dry, but the bark has peeled off a little, this is permissible. The optimum height of seedlings is from 40 cm.
Landing technology
It is unprofitable to plant only one bush, therefore gardeners prefer to plant 3-4 currant bushes at once. The planting method is traditional. In order to increase yields, several bushes of a crop of a different variety are placed nearby, observing a distance of 1.5 m.
Pits for planting are prepared with dimensions of 50 x 50 or 60 x 60 cm. The optimum depth is 50 cm. Since fertilizers are applied at the preparatory stage, it is enough to apply a small amount of wood ash and humus.
The root hole is slightly larger than the root itself. Placing a seedling in it, maintain an angle of 45 degrees. The top is directed north. As a result, the root collar of the currant should be at a depth of 5-8 cm. After planting the bushes, the soil is compacted. Next, an earthen roller is formed. The final stage of planting is watering and mulching using humus, peat or compost.
The nuances of caring for the variety
Care consists in the implementation of standard agrotechnical manipulations. The plant is watered in moderation and fertilized, ensure timely pruning. For preventive purposes, the bushes are treated with organic and chemical agents.
Watering
When planting, the bushes are watered abundantly in any weather, using 3-5 buckets of water for each plant. Re-irrigation is carried out after 5-7 days. The root system of the culture is strong, therefore, in the future, plants can do without water for a long time. However, you should not allow a lack of moisture, as this will lead to inhibition of growth and a decrease in the quality of berries.
After planting, the first three weeks require watering the plants twice a week. At the beginning of the first and last month of summer, active hydration is required, the rest of the time - moderate.However, water is not poured under the root, but into a groove located 35 cm from the bush. Watering can be avoided during rainy periods.
Fertilizers
Top dressing is applied three times per season. In the spring, with the active growth of shoots, each bush is watered with a product prepared on the basis of one bucket of organic fertilizer solution and 15 g of urea. After 14 days, the same procedure is performed, but instead of urea, 40 g of superphosphate are used.
After 21 days, a solution is prepared consisting of water (5 l), ammonium nitrate and superphosphate (10 g each), potassium sulfate (8 g), this amount of top dressing is calculated for one bush. With the onset of autumn, fertilizers based on phosphorus and potassium are used.
Transplant and pruning
At the beginning of the first summer month, currants are transplanted with green cuttings with incisions, from early to mid-August - lignified, at the end of May or early June - combined. When using the first method, the stalk is placed in a recess in the ground, a film is laid or a jar is used. Water regularly, periodically provide ventilation.
After the formation of leaves, the film is removed, if the cutting is ready for planting, this procedure is performed with the onset of autumn.
When implementing the second method, the cuttings are spud and watered. If roots appear, during the cold period the culture will not suffer from the negative effects of low temperatures. Using the third method involves burrowing into the ground, followed by waiting for 14 days. After planting, partial pruning of the shoot is carried out, with the onset of spring or in the last autumn month, old and damaged shoots are removed.
Shelter for the winter
The bushes are covered with a special material, but many gardeners replace it with burlap or spruce branches. Previously, the bushes are tied with braid. You can set pegs nearby and tie fabric bags to them, then they will be securely fixed even in strong winds.
Disease and pest control
The variety is not as often exposed to common diseases and the negative influence of pests as other types of currants with red fruits. However, when planting bushes of different varieties, preventive measures are taken. Select effective preparations and carry out spraying.
Powdery mildew
After the end of flowering, a combination of "Tiovit Jet" + "Aktara" is used. When the fruits ripen, but not earlier than 21 days after the last treatment of the bushes, Topaz and Actellik are used for protection. For the purpose of prevention, in the spring, they dig up the soil, carry out mulching and clean the area from weeds.
Goblet rust
When the fruits are ripe, a mixture of "Topaz" and "Actellika" is prepared for spraying. Processing before foliage is allowed. You can use Bordeaux liquid in the form of a 1% solution.
Kidney mite
Excessively swollen buds are removed from the bushes, then burned. After the end of the flowering period, the preparations "Engio" and "Actellik" are effective, they are used for spraying. When forming fruits, an insecticide and fungicide are selected. You can prepare a solution for spraying from water (10 l) and chopped garlic (150 g).
Currant glass
For prophylaxis during the ripening period, a combination of an insecticide and a fungicide is used. As a result, the risk of pest attacks is significantly reduced. The measures taken allow you to keep the berries large and prevent external changes in the bushes.
Leaf gall midge
The pest is identified by swollen red spots on the lower part of the foliage. If such leaves are found, they must be burned. Suitable for processing preparations "Engio" and "Actellik", a solution of "Karbofos" with a concentration of 0.3%. Plants are re-sprayed at the stage of flowering completion.
Harvesting and storage
Ripening of fruits on currant bushes does not occur simultaneously, therefore the harvest can last about 20 days. To keep the berries well, they are collected dry and always with whole brushes. The optimal container capacity is up to 2-2.5 kg.
The shelf life of currants is short - 2 weeks without a refrigerator at a temperature of + 10-12 degrees, 1.5 months in the refrigerator (do not wash beforehand) and more than 12 months in the freezer. The thawed product cannot be re-frozen.
The red-fruited bushes of the variety in question have many advantages. The plant belongs to the best representatives of the red currant for the middle lane. Nevertheless, it is required to comply with the planting technology, timely and timely provide proper care for the currants, and process the bushes for prevention.
