Description and characteristics of the apple-tree variety Bashkirskaya krasavitsa, advantages and disadvantages
The Bashkir beauty is a versatile variety of early autumn apple trees. It does not require special care. It grows in many regions. The apple tree tolerates winter low temperatures well. Productivity is good, with a properly selected pollinator, annual. The fruits are consumed fresh, used for the preparation of conservation, drying. The best juice with pulp is obtained from apples.
How the Bashkir beauty was bred
The old variety of folk selection, the Bashkir handsome man, was named so at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the variety was described at the Bashkir Institute of Agriculture, located in the Bashkir village of Kushnarenkovo. The original name of the variety is unknown, it was lost a century earlier. In Bashkiria, this variety occupies a quarter of the area of all apple orchards.
Advantages and disadvantages
This variety has advantages over other species, but not without disadvantages. Although there are much fewer disadvantages than advantages.
Main advantages:
- The tree is resistant to subzero temperatures.
- Rapid recovery after frosting branches.
- Not demanding on the composition of the soil and the place of growth.
- Fruits with a pleasant taste.
- Differs in good transportability.
The disadvantages include:
- Not fast-growing.
- With a low moisture content in the soil, fruits crumble.
- The need for a pollinator.
- Weak immunity to disease.
External characteristics of the tree
Among the apple trees, the Bashkir Beauty variety is recognizable by many for its abundant, whitish color, pushing of the apical shoots.
Barrel height
The variety is considered medium-sized. The tree grows up to six meters.
Crown size
The young apple tree has a rounded crown. Over time, it becomes pyramidal, with medium thickening. The branches are at right angles.
Root system
An adult tree has powerful roots extending four meters deep into the ground.
Technical description
Let's describe the features of the Bashkir beauty apple tree, which gardeners should know about.
Resistance to low temperatures and diseases
This variety perfectly tolerates subzero temperatures and summer temperature drops. The apple tree is moderately resistant to diseases affecting the tree. Needs preventive spraying.
In which regions is it recommended to grow
The apple tree is grown in Bashkiria, Tatarstan, the Republic of Mari El, Samara and Orenburg regions. With special care, they are grown in the Moscow region, in the Urals, in the middle and northern parts of Russia.
Reproduction methods
Main breeding methods:
- grafting;
- root suckers;
- digging in a broken branch.
Apple tree yield
The Bashkir beauty is in demand among gardeners due to high yields, good appearance, preservation of the integrity of the fruits during transportation, and long-term storage.
When to expect the first harvest from the apple tree
The crop is harvested for the first time three years after the seedling has taken root. The fruits are harvested annually. The amount of harvest reaches seventy kilograms from each tree.
Pollinator varieties
The Bashkir beauty does not belong to self-pollinated varieties. Therefore, an apple tree of the Antonovka or Titovka variety is planted nearby.
Flowering and ripening of apples
The apple tree begins to bloom in mid-spring. The flowers are large, pale pink, very fragrant. Fruits ripen at the end of the summer season and the beginning of the autumn season.
Harvesting and storage
The onset of consumer maturity occurs a week after the fruit is removed from the tree.
The fruits are stored for a long time - five months. They do not lose their taste and appearance.
Taste qualities
The apple is sweet, with a slight sourness and light aroma. The texture of the pulp is dense, juicy enough.
Planting apple seedlings
The rooting process of a seedling depends on the correct planting and subsequent care.
The best time to plant
Early spring is a good time to plant a tree. In the fall, the tree will not have time to take root and, with a high probability, will not survive the winter frosts.
Optimal location and composition of the soil
The apple tree does not tolerate gusts of cold wind, therefore, the planting site of seedlings is protected from wind and draft. Chernozem is an ideal soil for growing the Bashkir beauty.
Planting technological process
Consists of the following stages:
- For the seedling, prepare a hole sixty centimeters deep and seventy centimeters wide.
- Mix part of the excavated earth with 70 grams of superphosphate, 55 grams of potassium sulfate. Fill the bottom of the well with the resulting mixture.
- Place a seedling in the middle of the hole, spread the roots, cover with earth. The root collar is located five centimeters above the ground.
- Water the tree well with water at room temperature.
Features of seasonal care
In order to harvest a quality crop, this variety must be properly cared for.
Soil care
The most important part of soil care is watering. If moisture is supplied irregularly, in the future this will affect the quality of the crop.
Loosening
In order for the air to flow to the roots of the apple tree, you need to loosen the earth around the trunk. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system. The loosening depth should not exceed ten centimeters.
Fertilization
It is necessary to fertilize the apple tree several times a year. In the spring, urea is used as a top dressing, dissolving 2 tablespoons in a bucket of water. In summer, the tree needs complex fertilization. The last time you need to add it in the fall - potash-phosphorus fertilizer.
Prevention of diseases and pests
In early spring, prophylactic spraying of the tree with fungicides is necessary. This will help avoid contamination of the apple tree with various diseases.
A dangerous pest is the moth.You can fight or prevent the appearance of caterpillars using the following drugs:
- Calypso;
- Outright;
- Fastak.
Pruning
The crown is formed in the third year from the moment of planting. The gardener's task is to create the desired shape from five main branches growing at a distance of thirty centimeters from each other. After pruning is carried out every year, removing dried, thin branches.
Preparing for winter
Before preparing the tree for winter, it must be watered abundantly. This should be done after harvesting. Clean the soil around the tree from foliage, twigs, dry grass. Apply mineral fertilizer. After the temperature drops to minus ten, wrap the apple tree trunk with a suitable material for insulation and protection from rodents.
Subtypes of culture
Thanks to selection, two subspecies of the Bashkir beauty variety appeared. Summer apple tree with early maturity and late.
Summer
The apple tree is undersized, broadly branched. After transplanting to a permanent place of growth, it begins to bear fruit after two years. Fruit picking takes place at the end of summer. The apples are sweet and sour, with an unobtrusive aroma. The quality of the fruit depends on the care.
Late
The apple tree is medium-sized, with a slight thickening of the crown, it needs pollination with the varieties Seyanets, Titovka. Produces abundantly every year. Fruits are juicy, sweet and sour, with crunchy pulp. The mass of one fruit reaches one hundred and fifty grams. The variety is distinguished by high immunity to diseases.
