Description and characteristics of the summer apple variety Orlovsky pioner
Apple trees of the Orlovsky Pioneer variety are distinguished by their beauty and amazing taste. The variety is popular throughout Europe. It is used for breeding on a large scale and local farms. Let us consider in more detail the description of the variety, the history of appearance, the advantages and disadvantages of a fruit fruit tree.
Description of the variety, history of creation
The apple variety of the Orlovskiy pioneer was bred at the Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops in 1976. To obtain it, the hybridization method was used, which was developed by I.V. Michurin. Antonovka Krasnobochka and a hybrid plant SR 0523 spoke to the parents. For the purity of the experiment, 20 mother trees of Antonovka were selected. For the first time, the maternal tree acted as a pollinator, and then the paternal species was used in its role.
The first stage of the experiment was successful. As a result, seeds were selected for further planting. Before they were planted in the ground, they were stratified for quick emergence.
After planting in the ground, the new variety was cared for according to the mentor principle. To increase immunity to apple trees, the Vm gene was added, which prevents the development of scab.
In a detailed description, you can visually understand what the tree looks like and how it bears fruit:
- High-yielding variety. In appearance, the fruits are beautiful, delicious. Ripen every year, quickly and early. Rounded shape, weight varies up to 200 grams. The peel is green, and with prolonged storage it acquires a yellow-green color.
- Has an increased immunity to 4 types of scab, which allows not to process a fruit-bearing tree. Thanks to this, you can save time and money.
- The fruit crop is medium in height, reaching 3.5 meters. In 12 months it grows 600 cm.
- The crown is of medium density, rounded.
- The branches are parallel to the ground, and bend closer to the crown.
- The color of the bark is gray. Its surface is smooth and flexible.
- Small buds, tightly fitting to the branches. The shape is in the form of a cone, with a slight edge.
- The leaves are green and look like glossy paper. They are oblong in shape and medium in size. The edges are slightly wavy.
- The flowers of the fruit tree are light pink. The buds have a concentrated pink color.
Advantages and disadvantages
The apple variety "Orlovsky Pioneer" has positive and negative qualities.
Let's start with the first ones:
- Scab resistant to 4 of the 5 available.
- It bears fruit every year.
- The quality of the apples is excellent.
- No need to be treated with chemicals, which reduces costs.
Speaking about the shortcomings, this type of apple tree has one. In case of improper pruning or untimely removal of the fruits, crushing of apples is possible.
Despite the fact that the fruit tree is immune to diseases, due to human negligence, the formation of the following diseases is possible:
- black cancer;
- bacterial burn.
Diseases occur due to improper tree care. To prevent bacterial burns, it is recommended to treat the soil with copper sulfate. Black cancer manifests itself due to rare temperature changes and improper care. The tree needs to remove all affected leaves, disinfect and heal wounds. Getting rid of harmful insects on a fruit tree is quite difficult.
Based on the type of parasite, it is necessary to use drugs:
- Laundry soap solution removes green aphids.
- Nitrofen - removes the leaf roll.
- To remove the apple moth, the apple tree is sprayed with Karbofos.
Prevention helps reduce the risk of developing pathogens and pests. A constant external examination of the trunk and crown allows you to avoid the development of serious diseases. That is why it is important to regularly conduct an external examination near adjacent trees and shrubs.
Winter hardiness
This apple variety is immune to cold weather. Experts classify it as frost-resistant.
Yield
Apples ripen in the second half of August. They hold well on the branches, so the harvest takes place before the first frost. Up to 75 kg of apples can be obtained from one fruit tree per year. The harvest harvested from the apple tree is stored in a cool place, until about the first month of winter.
The apples of the "Orlovsky Pioneer" are popular in central Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, as the adaptation period passes quickly. The tree continues to grow and develop.
In order to speed up the adaptation process in the cold, fruit crops must be fed with organic fertilizers.
If the soil is severely frozen, then there is a lack of nutrients and vitamins in it. To prevent starvation of the soil, it is necessary to feed the young seedling twice a year. For successful wintering, the trunk of a fruit tree must be wrapped, and the ground around it must be insulated with autumn foliage.
In dry areas, water the apple tree regularly and abundantly. The absorption of nutrients by the tree takes place through the root system. Therefore, it is required to constantly loosen the soil and water. Young seedlings are watered twice a week, and during dry periods, as they dry out.
An apple tree of the "Orlovsky Pioner" variety will look great on a garden plot or for industrial cultivation. The taste, aroma and appearance of apples will not leave indifferent adults and children.
