Description and characteristics of the grape variety Gift to Zaporozhye, advantages, disadvantages and cultivation
In recent years, viticulture has been developing rapidly and occupies a leading position, taking the palm even from horticulture. Summer residents and owners of private gardens are allotting more and more areas for growing vines. The advantage is given to unpretentious, high-yield varieties with excellent taste and marketability. Grapes of the Podarok Zaporozhye variety can become a real pride of their owner.
Content
- 1 The history of the breeding of the Gift variety Zaporizhia
- 2 Advantages and disadvantages
- 3 Comparison of hybrids: New Gift to Zaporozhye and Gift to Zaporozhye
- 4 External characteristic
- 5 Technical details
- 6 Care and growing recommendations
- 7 How to shelter grapes for the winter
- 8 Ripening and harvesting fruits
- 9 Application of berries
The history of the breeding of the Gift variety Zaporizhia
The first vine appeared on our planet a long time ago. Even in the tombs of the Egyptian pharaohs, bones from these fruits were found. The Bible also mentions growing vines back in the days of Noah. Grapes Gift to Zaporozhye was bred in the city of the same name by an amateur breeder E. A. Klyuchikov.
He worked for a long time on his brainchild and received it as a result of a complex crossing of three popular varieties at once:
- Esther;
- Kesha-1;
- The chick is stable.
The novelty turned out to be not only comprehensively stable, but also had excellent commodity indicators.
Advantages and disadvantages
The popularity of grapes Gift to Zaporozhye is due to the mass of advantages that distinguish it favorably from competitors:
- high and stable yield;
- excellent taste;
- good commercial qualities;
- fruits in the hand are uniform;
- suitability for commercial cultivation;
- resistance to damp and rainy weather;
- excellent frost resistance;
- the crop is well stored for several months;
- increased resistance to fungal diseases.
According to winegrowers, the disadvantage of grapes is that they must be transported very carefully. The pulp is very juicy, and the fruits are easily separated from the brush, therefore, for transportation, the bunches must be stacked in one layer.
Comparison of hybrids: New Gift to Zaporozhye and Gift to Zaporozhye
A few years after the success in breeding the grape variety Gift to Zaporozhye, the breeder presented a modified novelty with improved characteristics to the court of gardeners. Outwardly, they are very similar, but the New Gift to Zaporozhye has significant differences.It was based on its predecessor, which was crossed with the equally popular variety Delight. When comparing the two hybrids, the following features of the novelty stand out:
- fruiting occurs very early, 120 days after flowering;
- medium vine;
- flowers of female and male type;
- the weight of the bunches ranges from 700 g to 2 kg;
- the color of the berries is more intense;
- tasters rated taste at 8 points;
- ripens 96% of ovaries;
- frost resistance and disease resistance remained at the same level;
- excellent survival rate of shoots;
- fruit load is limited to 40 buds;
- suitability for cultivation by agricultural enterprises.
External characteristic
The description of the variety gives an idea of its main distinctive features. Thanks to the external data, the Gift of Zaporozhye can easily be recognized among other similar varieties.
Bush
The grape bush of the Gift Zaporizhzhia variety is tall, with a powerful vine. It grows quickly and begins to bear fruit by the next year. The leaves are three-lobed, dark green in color, slightly dissected. The flowers are predominantly female.
Bunches
The mass of one grape bunch of the Podarok Zaporozhye variety ranges from 600 g to 2 kg. The fruits are densely packed, and the brush itself has a conical or cylindrical shape. The berries are of the same size and ripen almost simultaneously. The weight of one berry is 10-18 g, its length is 32 mm, and its width is 25-28 mm. Fruits ripening in the shade, at the stage of technical ripeness, have a light green color, and in the sun they are whitish with a barely noticeable waxy bloom.
The pulp of the Gift to Zaporozhye is very juicy, fleshy, has a pleasant taste with a slight apple tinge. Fruit tasting score from 8 to 8.4 points. The skin is quite dense and elastic, which ensures the resistance of the berries to cracking.
Technical details
The gift to Zaporozhye has unique characteristics that distinguish it favorably from other varieties.
The plant is suitable for growing in almost any region.
Resistance to subzero temperatures
This grape variety demonstrates excellent frost resistance and is able to withstand a temperature drop down to -24 ° C, but it is still recommended to cover and insulate it for the winter.
Disease immunity
The gift to Zaporozhye has increased resistance against fungal diseases. He is not at all struck by mildew. In other cases, timely preventive treatments will help reduce the risk of disease occurrence to zero.
Pollination of the variety
The grapes of the specified variety have female peduncles. It is pollinated under any conditions, for this you only need to plant a couple of varieties nearby with bisexual flowers.
Yield
On one fruiting shoot, 1-2 massive grape clusters are formed. Fruitfulness is 70%. The yields are stable and rich, fruiting occurs already in the second year after planting.
Breeding methods
It is best to propagate grapes of the Gift Zaporozhye variety by cuttings. You can also use layering. But it is not worth planting it with seeds, since varietal qualities from the mother's hybrid will not be transferred to children.
Care and growing recommendations
Taking care of the grapes requires a certain commitment from the grower. This is not to say that this procedure is complicated, it just takes time.
The presence of certain skills and adaptations greatly speeds up and simplifies the work of vineyard care.
Preparing the cutting for planting
Cuttings stored in the basement are placed in wet peat or sand before planting on the garden bed. This will prevent them from drying out. In spring, seedlings are a trunk without leaves, but with swollen buds. Disembarkation is recommended from May to October.On a young plant, only 3 shoots are left on one branch.
Preparing the landing site
Grapes are considered a southern plant, therefore, for its planting, they choose a well-lit place, protected from drafts and north winds. Several more varieties with bisexual flowers should grow nearby. Before planting the vines, the soil is loosened well and the roots of weeds are removed.
Hole preparation
When planting several cuttings on the same area, the distance between the holes is at least 2.5 meters. The depth of the planting hole should be 1 meter, and the width is chosen twice the diameter of the root system of a young plant. A drainage layer is laid at the bottom of the pit. When preparing the holes, they immediately plan the placement of trellises or supports.
Irrigation
Watering is an obligatory measure for the care of grapes of the Podarok Zaporozhye variety. The plant especially needs it during flowering and fruit formation. Drip irrigation has proven itself very well, which, in addition to irrigation, allows for dosed top dressing.
Top dressing
At first, after planting, the vineyards can not be fertilized, however, after a year of abundant fruiting, organic matter (humus), complex mineral and phosphorus-potassium dressings should be introduced.
Garter and shaping
Grapes of the Gift Zaporozhye variety need a mandatory garter. When pruning a bush for the winter, the buds are left a little more than recommended, depending on the thickness of the vine. If some shoots freeze, then such a trick will make it possible not to be left without a crop. After harvesting the brushes, the lower branches are removed to a height of up to half a meter from the ground level.
The subsequent tier of shoots is cut to 10% of the length, and all side stepchildren are removed. On the upper branches and future fruit shoots, 8 to 12 buds are left.
Disease and pest control and prevention
In the spring, the grapes are treated with iron vitriol. Pest prevention is carried out in three stages. The first is when the buds are just blooming, then along the first leaves and finally - before the beginning of flowering.
How to shelter grapes for the winter
Before the onset of cold weather, the vine is prepared for winter. To do this, the shoots are cut to a length of 1 m, formed in the form of a fan and bent to the soil. A layer of earth or sawdust is poured on top, a layer of spruce branches is laid or covered with fallen leaves.
Ripening and harvesting fruits
Ripening of grapes falls approximately in the third decade of August, but in some regions this period is delayed until September 10. In the absence of frost, the brushes are able to survive on the vine until mid-October, without losing their taste and marketability.
Application of berries
The grapes of this variety are considered dessert, therefore they are used mainly fresh. However, they can be sent for processing, juices and even homemade wine. Also, the fruits are suitable for transportation and long-term storage, do not lose their taste and appearance until the New Year holidays, provided the necessary conditions are provided.
