Which apple trees are better to plant in a country house in the Moscow region, description and characteristics of varieties

When choosing the best apple varieties for the Moscow region, many criteria are taken into account. The culture must withstand the autumn cold and frosty winter days, resist infections and pests. Also take into account the frequency of fruiting, the timing of the beginning of the collection of fruits and their taste. Therefore, when choosing a variety, you definitely need to get acquainted with all the characteristics.

Climatic features of the region

The climate in the Moscow region is unstable, with low temperatures during the winter months. In summer, the weather can be hot and dry or rainy and cool. Such conditions often cause the death of an apple tree due to freezing and infection by fungal infections.

In order to maintain the size of the crop and not lose the planted tree, you need to choose zoned varieties. When choosing a variety for planting in a country house in the Moscow region, the emphasis is on frost tolerance and high immunity to fungal infections.

What properties should an apple tree have for good growth and productivity in the Moscow region?

To harvest a good apple harvest, it is necessary to choose varieties that resist pests and diseases well, are not afraid of low temperatures and quickly recover in case of freezing. When choosing the best variety, ripening times, periods of fruiting and methods of pollination are also taken into account.

The choice is also made in favor of self-pollinated apple trees. The fruits of these varieties of apple trees are tied without pollinating insects. Such varieties of culture for the Moscow region include: Pepin Saffronny, Melba, Welsey.

External parameters

Tall varieties of apple trees grow up to 7 meters, the crown is wide. They have a well-developed root system that penetrates deep into the soil. Therefore, the distance from the surface to the groundwater must be at least 2.5 meters. Large apple trees live and bear fruit longer and do not need to be watered too often. The yield is consistently high.

Medium-sized trees (semi-dwarfs) grow no more than 5 meters in height. The main part of their root system is located at a depth of 20-35 cm. All varieties are demanding on the soil and regular watering. They begin to bear fruit earlier than tall types of culture.

Low-growing varieties of apple trees are distinguished by a low trunk, up to 2.5 meters high. The root system deepens by one meter. Low trees take up little space and create almost no shade; they begin to bear fruit early. In the event of a pest attack and infection, it is easier to deal with the problem.These trees are easy to harvest. The root system is sensitive to moisture, therefore waterlogging of the soil leads to damage.

Frost resistance

Almost all types of apple trees can tolerate frosts down to -20 degrees. But the air in the Moscow region can drop to -30 degrees, so they choose frost-resistant varieties of apple trees.

Winter-hardy varieties of fruit crops that can be planted in the garden of the Moscow region: Anis, Orlinka, Aport, Slavyanka, Yellow ribbed, Mirnoe, Semerenko, Antonovka, Bogatyr.

Disease immunity

The apple tree is often subject to various diseases, especially of fungal origin. Diseases such as powdery mildew, scab, cytosporosis can not only reduce the amount of harvest, but can also lead to the complete death of the tree.

Summer in the Moscow region passes with rainy and cloudy days. These conditions are most favorable for the fungus. Therefore, you need to choose apple trees with good immunity.

Experts have developed immune species of apple trees that are resistant to many fungal diseases, including scab. Such apple trees begin to bear large fruits early and tolerate frost.

Scab-resistant types of fruit trees that are recommended to grow in the suburbs: Orlinka, Medunitsa, Yablochny spas, Zhigulevskoye, Slavyanin, Start, Freshness.

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Early maturity

Varieties that differ in the early onset of fruiting are most often bought by gardeners. Saplings begin to delight with fruits already 2-3 years after planting.

Self-fertile varieties of apple trees pollinate themselves, so the fruits are tied without pollinators. But to get a large and numerous harvest, you should try to lure insects that pollinate during the flowering period. Moscow pear, Arkadik, Medunitsa, Antonovka, White Naliv.

Early-growing varieties of apple trees: Beforest, Papirovka, Stark, Erliest. The first crop is harvested three years later. Apple trees feel good after severe frosts, and the harvested crop can be stored for many months.

Summer apple varieties

In summer varieties of apple trees, the fruits are juicy and sweet. Their shelf life is no more than three weeks. Ripening of the crop begins in the middle of the summer period.

The early summer variety White filling tolerates frosty days well in winter and resists fungal infections. The white pulp of the fruit is sweet, with a slight sourness. Average weight 100 g. Fruiting at intervals of one year, the yield is numerous. The tree belongs to the medium-sized group, the crown is lush and wide.

The candy apple is distinguished by good tolerance to cold winters, the formation of a large harvest. The fruit weighs 90 g, with a sweet taste and caramel flavor. The culture is medium-sized. The trunk grows up to 4.5 meters, the crown does not grow much. It is affected by scab.

Melba is considered a common species. Yellow-red fruits with a sour caramel flavor begin to be harvested at the end of summer. The weight of each fruit is about 130 g. The trunk of the tree is 5.5 meters. Young trees bear fruit every year, and old ones periodically.

Grushovka Moskovskaya forms early fruits weighing up to 95 g. The pulp is sweetish, with sour notes. The peel is yellow with reddish blotches. A large harvest is formed every two years. The apple tree is a tall type of tree with a wide crown. The trunk height reaches 6 meters.

Medunitsa belongs to the mid-early summer types of culture. The pulp of the fruit tastes honey-sweet. The color of ripe fruits is yellow-red. The tree grows high, the crown is powerful and spreading. It tolerates frosty winters well and rarely gets sick.

Other common varieties of summer apples include: Orlinka, Arkadik, Yablochny spas, Chudnoe.

Recommended autumn types of apple trees

On autumn varieties of apple trees, the fruits begin to ripen in early September.After harvest, they continue to ripen for another two weeks. Apples can be stored for up to 4 months under optimal conditions.

The Autumn striped variety won one of the first places among other varieties. The tree grows up to 9 meters, branches are spreading, medium leafy. The yield is numerous. Delicious, yellow fruits with red-raspberry blotches weigh 125 g. The variety endures frosty days in winter and rarely gets sick.

Antonovka is distinguished by its high yield and good immunity. The culture is tall, branches with dense foliage are wide. Yellow-green fruits are covered with a light waxy bloom, weigh up to 155 g. The pulp has a sweet taste, slightly sour. The fruits are harvested every year.

Apple-tree Brown striped it is distinguished by a tall type of growth, branches grow widely, the yield is numerous. Yellow-green fruits weighing 125 g will attract with their sweet taste with a slight sourness. The variety thrives after frosty days and rarely suffers from fungal infections.

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Anise striped forms a large and high-quality crop for several decades. The tree grows high and the branches spread wide. It tolerates frosty winters and dry summers well. Begins to bear fruit in five years. The red fruits, which weigh 85 g, have yellow sweet flesh.

Other autumn varieties of fruit crops that are planted in the Moscow region include: Slavyanin, Uslada, Flagman, Zhigulevskoe, Shtrifel.

Winter varieties

Ripening of winter species of fruit crops coincides with the last days of September. After harvest, ripening continues for 3-4 weeks. Fruits are stored for a long time, up to 7 months.

In the Moscow region, it is recommended to plant the Moscow variety later. The apple tree is characterized by frost resistance. Apples are stored for many months without losing their juiciness and sweetness. The tree belongs to the medium-sized type of growth with spreading branches. Fruiting of a seedling begins after 6 years. The mass of yellow-red fruits is 175 g.

Among winter species, Pepin Saffronny is distinguished by a large harvest and good frost tolerance. The red-yellow fruits weigh 85 g, their juicy flesh with a sweet taste.

The Zvezdochka variety is characterized by medium-sized, juicy fruits weighing up to 95 g. The peel is reddish, the pulp has a sweet taste. The apple tree resists frost well, and infection rarely occurs.

Gardeners will appreciate the taste apples Moscow necklace... Yellow-red fruits weighing up to 200 g are dense and sweet in taste. Culture of columnar growth. The positive qualities of the species include high productivity and the ability to endure frosty winters.

Other popular late varieties include: Bogatyr, Martovskoe, Orlovskaya Zarya, Rossiyanka.

Description and characteristics of early maturing species

Early ripe varieties of apples begin to ripen in the summer. Almost all types of early ripening varieties for the Moscow region are characterized by medium frost resistance and periodic fruiting. The ability to resist fungal infections is average.

The variety White filling, known to all gardeners, is distinguished by good frost resistance, numerous productivity. The fruit tastes sweet, with a pleasant sourness. Bears fruit every year.

Apple tree of Papirovka variety is medium-sized, with long branches and dense foliage. The culture is characterized by moderate frost resistance and high disease resistance. In a rainy summer, it often suffers from scab. Fruiting is annual. Fruits are yellow in color, with sweet pulp, weighing 95 g.

Variety Early sweet feels good after frost and rarely suffers from fungal diseases. Fruiting of the seedling begins in two years. Weight of yellow apples 110 g, pulp with a sweet taste.

Benefits of modern varieties

New varieties of apple trees include: Marat Busurin, Welsey, Solnyshko, Arkadik, Borovinka, Antey, Tatyana's day, Ivushka.

The modern variety is Arkadik. It is characterized by persistent frost tolerance, high yield and resistance to infections, including scab. The tree reaches a height of 4 meters. Fruiting of the seedling begins in two years. The fruits weigh 125 g, their skin is reddish, and the taste of the pulp is sweet and sour.

Borovinka belongs to the early autumn new species. The apple tree tolerates frosty days well, forms numerous fruits in 1-2 years. The variety is susceptible to disease and pest attacks. The culture is medium-sized, medium-leafy. The color of the fruits is yellowish, their weight is 85 g.

Autumn variety Marat Busurin is rarely found in gardens. The flesh of large apples is sweet, but with some sour notes. The skin is white marbled with red blotches. Semi-dwarf trees, tolerate winter frosts well.

Apple Spas belongs to the modern varieties of tall apple trees. Never sick with scab and tolerates winter with frosty days. Fruits weighing up to 190 g are yellow with pink strokes.